Rig Veda 7.103.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 103, Mantra 1
Sukta 7.103
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for the Maṇḍūka-sūkta cluster in RV 7)
Devata: Parjanya (as awakener) with Maṇḍūkas as emblematic speakers
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
संवत्सरं शशयाना ब्राह्मणा व्रतचारिणः । वाचं पर्जन्यजिन्वितां प्र मण्डूका अवादिषुः ॥
Transliteration
saṃvatsaráṃ śaśayānā́ brāhmaṇā́ vrata-cā́riṇaḥ | vā́caṃ parjányajinvitāṃ prá maṇḍūkā avādiṣuḥ ||
Translation
साल भर मेंढक चुप रहते हैं। वो अपना व्रत रखते हैं। जब पर्जन्य आता है, तब वो बोलने लगते हैं। उनकी आवाज़ फिर से सुनाई देती है।
Word by Word
संवत्सरम्(for) a year
संवत्सरम्:
अधिकारण (काल-अधिकारण; ‘for a year/throughout the year’)
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
शशयानाःlying (asleep), having lain
शशयानाः:
कर्तृ (with ब्राह्मणाः; ‘lying/sleeping’)
TypeParticiple (Adjective) used substantively
Root√शी (शे/शयते) → शय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + शानच्
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins; ritualists
ब्राह्मणाः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
व्रतचारिणःvow-observers; practising sacred observances
व्रतचारिणः:
कर्तृ (apposition to ब्राह्मणाः)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootव्रत-चारिन् (प्रातिपदिक; व्रत + √चर ‘to move/practise’)
वाचम्speech; voice
वाचम्:
कर्म (of अवादिषुः)
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
पर्जन्यजिन्विताम्quickened/impelled by Parjanya (the Rain-god)
पर्जन्यजिन्विताम्:
कर्म (qualifier of वाचम्)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootपर्जन्य-जिन्वित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; पर्जन्य + √जिव्/√जिव्-सम्बद्ध ‘to quicken/impel, make lively’ → जिन्वित ‘impelled/quickened’)
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
— (verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
मण्डूकाःfrogs
मण्डूकाः:
कर्तृ (of अवादिषुः)
TypeNoun
Rootमण्डूक (प्रातिपदिक)
अवादिषुःthey spoke; they uttered
अवादिषुः:
क्रिया (with कर्तृ मण्डूकाः and कर्म वाचम्)
TypeVerb
Root√वद् (to speak) + उपसर्ग आ-
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