Rig Veda 3.58.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 58, Mantra 1
Sukta 3.58
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attribution for Maṇḍala 3; specific hymn traditionally in Viśvāmitra cycle)
Devata: Aśvinau (with Uṣas/Dakṣiṇā imagery in support)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 3.58; verse-length and cadence consistent)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
धेनुः प्रत्नस्य काम्यं दुहानान्तः पुत्रश्चरति दक्षिणायाः । आ द्योतनिं वहति शुभ्रयामोषसः स्तोमो अश्विनावजीगः ॥
Transliteration
dhénuḥ pratnásya kā́myaṁ dúhānā́ntáḥ putráś cárati dákṣiṇāyāḥ | ā́ dyòtaniṁ vahati śubhráyāmoṣásaḥ stómo aśvínāv ajīgaḥ ||
Translation
एक चमकदी गाय पुरानी सच्चाई का रस निकालती है। वो अंदर आके बेटे की तरह घूमती है। वो रोशनी लाए रहती है। सुबह के गीत ने अश्विन देवताओं को जगा दिया है और वो तेज़ी से काम करने लगे हैं।
Word by Word
धे॒नुःthe milch-cow (cow)
धे॒नुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु-
प्र॒त्नस्य॒of the ancient/primeval (one)
प्र॒त्नस्य॒:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootप्रत्न-
काम्यं॒desirable, wished-for
काम्यं॒:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य- (from √कम् ‘to desire’)
दुहा॑नाmilking (yielding milk)
दुहा॑ना:
कर्तृ (सह-विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (present middle)
Root√दुह् (दोग्धि) + शानच्
अन्तःwithin, inside
अन्तः:
अधिकरण (स्थान)
TypeIndeclinable (adverb) / Noun-form used adverbially
Rootअन्तर्/अन्तस्
पु॒त्रःthe son
पु॒त्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र-
चरति॒moves, goes
चरति॒:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√चर्
दक्षि॑णायाःof the Dakṣiṇā (sacrificial gift / right side)
दक्षि॑णायाः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा-
आtowards, forth
आ:
—
TypePreverb / Indeclinable
Rootआ
द्यो॑त॒निम्the shining/brightness, radiance
द्यो॑त॒निम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootद्योतनिः/द्योतनī- (from √द्युत् ‘to shine’)
वहतिcarries, conveys
वहति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वह्
शु॒भ्रया॑with bright/white (splendour)
शु॒भ्रया॑:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ्र-
आमो॒षसा॒ःthe early-dawns / dawn-powers
आमो॒षसा॒ः:
कर्तृ (समूहः)
TypeNoun (compound) / Epithet
Rootआमोṣस-/आमोṣस् (Vedic compound; lit. ‘raw-dawn’/‘early dawn’)
उषसःthe Dawns
उषसः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्-
स्तोमःhymn of praise
स्तोमः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootस्तोम-
अश्विनौthe Aśvins
अश्विनौ:
सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य/प्रति)
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootअश्विन्-
अजीगःhas sung/has chanted (impelled into song)
अजीगः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गै/√गी (Vedic aorist/reduplicated)
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