Rig Veda 10.190.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 190, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.190
Devata: Cosmogonic principle (often addressed to the universal creative process; implicit Brahmanic/Ṛta principle rather than a single anthropomorphic deity)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतं च सत्यं चाभीद्धात्तपसोऽध्यजायत । ततो रात्र्यजायत ततः समुद्रो अर्णवः ॥
Transliteration
ṛtáṃ ca satyáṃ cābhī́ddhāt tápaso ’dhy ajāyata | táto rā́try ajāyata tátaḥ samudró arṇaváḥ ||
Translation
जब अंदर की गर्मी बड़ी, तबसे सच और सही नियम पैदा हुए। उससे पहले रात बनी, फिर बड़ा समुंदर और उसकी लहरें बनी।
Word by Word
ऋतम्cosmic order, right order
ऋतम्:
Karma (with implied ‘अभूत्/अस्ति’ or as coordinated object with ‘सत्यम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (ऋ- गतौ/ऋ- सत्ये; ‘ऋत’ = cosmic order)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma (coordinated with ‘ऋतम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सत् (√अस् ‘to be’) + यत्
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
अभीद्धात्from/after the kindling (forth)
अभीद्धात्:
Apādāna/Source-marker in sense ‘from/after the kindling’ (temporal-causal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभीद्धात् (अव्यय/निपात-समूह): अभि + इद्धात् (इद्धात् = ‘kindled/ignited’, from √इन्ध् ‘to kindle’)
तपसःof/from austerity, heat (creative fervor)
तपसः:
Apādāna/Source (genitive of source: ‘from tapas’)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √तप् ‘to heat, to practice austerity’
अधिupon, over
अधि:
Adhikaraṇa (locative sense ‘upon/over’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अजायतwas born, arose
अजायत:
— (finite verb; subject implied: ‘ऋतं च सत्यं च’)
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे) with preverb अधि (in sense ‘arose/was born’)
ततःtherefrom, then
ततः:
Apādāna/Source (ablatival adverb: ‘therefrom’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिक + तसिल्)
रात्रिःNight
रात्रिः:
Kartā (of ‘अजायत’)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
अजायतwas born
अजायत:
—
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे)
ततःtherefrom, then
ततः:
Apādāna/Source
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद् + तसिल्)
समुद्रःocean
समुद्रः:
Kartā (of implied ‘अजायत/अभवत्’)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (प्रातिपदिक) = सम् + उद्र/उद्र (water mass)
अर्णवःflood, watery expanse
अर्णवः:
Kartā (in apposition with ‘समुद्रः’)
TypeNoun (appositional) / Adjective
Rootअर्णव (प्रातिपदिक)
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