Rig Veda 1.115.6: Mandala 1, Sukta 115, Mantra 6
Sukta 1.115
- Rishi
- Kutsa Āṅgirasa
- Devata
- Sūrya with Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Pṛthivī, Dyauḥ as invoked powers
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Karuna (compassion) and Shanta (peace)
अद्या देवा उदिता सूर्यस्य निरंहसः पिपृता निरवद्यात् । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥
adyā́ devā́ udítā sū́ryasya nír aṃ́hasaḥ pipṛtā́ nír avadyā́t | tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pṛthivī́ utá dyáuḥ ||
आज सूर्य के उठने के साथ भगवान हमारे पास आओ। हमें परेशानी से बचाओ, हमारी गलती माफ करो। मित्र और वरुण हमारे लिए अच्छा करें। अदिति, नदिया, धरती और आसमान सब हमारे साथ हों।
Word by Word
- अद्य
- today, nowIndeclinableकालवाचक-अव्यय (today)Role Adhikaraṇa (काल)Root अद्य (अव्यय)
- देवाः
- the godsNounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचनRole KartāRoot देव (प्रातिपदिक)
- उदिताः
- risen, having arisenParticiple (Adjective)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle) अर्थे ‘उदित/उदिताः’Role Kartā (देवाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)Root उद्-इ (धातु) → उदित (कृदन्त)
- सूर्यस्य
- of the SunNounपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी; एकवचनRole Sambandha (genitive relation)Root सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
- निः
- out, awayIndeclinableउपसर्ग/निपात; ‘out, away’Root निः (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
- अंहसः
- from distress/sin, from anguishNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी; एकवचनRole ApādānaRoot अंहस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- पिपृत
- fill (us), satisfy (us)Verbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ); मध्यमपुरुष; बहुवचन (वेदिक रूप: पिपृत = पिपृता/पिपृत)Root पॄ (धातु; ‘to fill, to make full, to satisfy’) → पिपृत् (वेदिक-लोट्/आज्ञार्थ)
- निः
- out, awayIndeclinableउपसर्ग/निपात; ‘out, away’Root निः (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
- अवद्यात्
- from blame/defect, from reproachNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी; एकवचनRole ApādānaRoot अवद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
- तत्
- thatPronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole KarmaRoot तद् (सर्वनाम)
- नः
- for usPronounषष्ठी/चतुर्थी; बहुवचन (enclitic) — here दत्तिवाचक (for us)Role SampradānaRoot अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
- मित्रः
- MitraNounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- वरुणः
- VaruṇaNounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
- मामहन्ताम्
- may the two favor (us)Verbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ); तृतीयपुरुष; द्विवचन; परस्मैपद; वेदिक रूप ‘मामहन्ताम्’ = ‘may they favor/gladden’Root मंह्/मह् (धातु; ‘to honor, to gladden, to favor’) → मामह (वेदिक-लिट्/परफेक्ट-स्टेम) + ताम्
- अदितिः
- AditiNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
- सिन्धुः
- Sindhu (river/ocean)Nounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
- पृथिवी
- EarthNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
- उत
- and alsoIndeclinableसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and, also)Root उत (अव्यय)
- द्यौः
- Heaven, SkyNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग (वेदे प्रायः); प्रथमा; एकवचनRole KartāRoot द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (padapāṭha-style): अद्या → अद्य
- देवा उदिता → देवाः उदिताः (visarga before vowel)
- सूर्यस्य निरंहसः → सूर्यस्य निः अंहसः (निः + अंहसः; visarga assimilates to र् before vowel in saṃhitā: निरंहसः)
- पिपृता → taken as Vedic imperative form pipṛt/pipṛta from √पॄ
- निरवद्यात् → निः अवद्यात् (niravadyāt in saṃhitā)
- तन्नो → तत् नः
- मामहन्ताम् analyzed as Vedic loṭ 3rd dual from √मंह्/मह् with perfect-like stem मामह-
- अदिति: → अदितिः (visarga written with punctuation in the prompt)
- पृथिवी उत → पृथिवी उत (no further sandhi). Accents are not re-marked in the pada list
- they follow the saṃhitā accents given in the prompt
The meaning
Outer meaning
Today, with the Sun’s rising, O gods, deliver us from distress and from fault. May Mitra and Varuṇa enlarge us; may Aditi, Sindhu, Earth and Heaven foster us.
Inner meaning
The rising Sun is the daily opportunity for release from inner distress (aṃhas) and deviation (avadyā). Under the widening powers—Mitra-Varuṇa (harmonious law), Aditi (infinite freedom), Sindhu (the flowing current of being/blissful movement), and the supports of embodiment and mind (Earth and Heaven)—the seeker asks for expansion (māmahantām) and protection. This is an integral prayer: liberation is not escape but a total nurturing of the whole field of existence into truth and wideness.
Universal truth
Each new beginning can be a deliverance when supported by truth, harmony, wideness, and steady foundations. Growth is safest when the whole system—inner law, freedom, flow, body, and mind—participates in the ascent.
Themes
Prayer for deliverance, Purification and enlargement, Cosmic support for inner ascent
The seer
- Rishi
- Kutsa Āṅgirasa
- Lineage
- Āṅgirasa
- Other hymns
- RV 1.115, RV 1.113, RV 1.112
Family tradition
Āṅgirasa aspiration seeks deliverance by light and widening; not merely ritual protection but expansion into a greater consciousness.
Significance
Kutsa culminates the solar description in a practical prayer: illumination must translate into release from inner suffering and error, and into a sustained widening upheld by multiple cosmic powers.
The deity
- Devata
- Sūrya (occasion of rising) with Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Pṛthivī, Dyauḥ
- Epithets
- uditā (risen), nir-aṃhas (remover of distress—by occasion), nir-avadyā (remover of fault—by prayer)
- Related deities
- Savitṛ (as impeller, related solar power), Uṣas
Cosmic role
Sunrise renews order and life; allied deities sustain law (Mitra-Varuṇa), infinity (Aditi), flow (Sindhu), and the two foundations (Earth-Heaven).
Inner power
A complete support-system for sādhanā: clarity (Sūrya), ethical-spiritual law (Mitra-Varuṇa), wideness (Aditi), flowing force/bliss (Sindhu), stability (Earth), and spacious mind (Heaven).
In ritual
Where it is used
Morning prayer for protection and purification accompanying sunrise observances; adaptable as a daily deliverance mantra.
अ॒द्या दे॑वा॒ उदि॑ता॒ सूर्य॑स्य॒ निरंह॑सः पिपृ॒ता निर॑व॒द्यात् । तन्नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो मामहन्ता॒मदि॑ति॒: सिन्धु॑: पृथि॒वी उ॒त द्यौः ॥
अ॒द्य । दे॒वाः॒ । उत्ऽइ॑ता॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । निः । अंह॑सः । पि॒पृ॒त । निः । अ॒व॒द्यात् । तत् । नः॒ । मि॒त्रः । वरु॑णः । म॒म॒ह॒न्ता॒म् । अदि॑तिः । सिन्धुः॑ । पृ॒थि॒वी । उ॒त । द्यौः ॥
adya | devāḥ | ut-itā | sūryasya | niḥ | aṃhasaḥ | pipṛta | niḥ | avadyāt | tat | naḥ | mitraḥ | varuṇaḥ | mamahantām | aditiḥ | sindhuḥ | pṛthivī | uta | dyauḥ
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4 pādas of ~11 syllables each
Supplicatory yet strong; clear petition-phrases with expanding cadence on the list of supporting powers.
Cleansing and uplifting; gives a felt sense of being ‘carried across’ and widened at the start of the day.
- उदिता सूर्यस्य (uditā sūryasya)
- Literal: with the rising of the sun. Symbolic: the ascent of illumination; daily rebirth of clarity
- अंहसः (aṃhasaḥ)
- Literal: distress, narrowness, sin. Symbolic: inner constriction, suffering born of ignorance/ego
- अवद्यात् (avadyāt)
- Literal: from fault/blameworthy act. Symbolic: crooked movement, deviation from ṛta
- पिपृत (pipṛta)
- Literal: deliver, carry across. Symbolic: help us cross beyond limitation into wideness
- मामहन्ताम् (māmahantām)
- Literal: may they make us great/enlarge us. Symbolic: expansion of consciousness and capacity
- अदितिः (aditiḥ)
- Literal: Aditi. Symbolic: the Infinite; freedom from division; vast mother-consciousness
- सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ)
- Literal: river/ocean (Sindhu). Symbolic: the great flow of being; current of bliss/force carrying the journey
- पृथिवी (pṛthivī)
- Literal: Earth. Symbolic: foundation in the physical-vital; stability and patience
- द्यौः (dyauḥ)
- Literal: Heaven/Sky. Symbolic: higher mind, spacious clarity
Protective-prayer verse aligned with sunrise; suitable for morning recitation and for Śrauta contexts seeking pāvamāna-like purification and release from aṃhas/avadya.
At sunrise; also at the beginning of any new cycle (week, project) as a consecration.
Recite facing east; optionally offer water (arghya) as symbol of Sindhu’s flow; then sit briefly in silent widening.
Use as a daily reset: acknowledge distress/fault without self-blame, invoke widening supports, set a truth-aligned intention.
aṃhas ‘distress/constriction’ (semantic: tightness → anguish → sin/distress) contrasts with √mah ‘enlarge’ in māmahantām, expressing the Vedic polarity of narrowness vs wideness (Aditi). avadya ‘blameworthy’ from a- + √vad ‘to speak’ → ‘what is spoken against’, hence defect/fault. udítā from ud-√i ‘rise’ marks the moment of solar uprising as a ritual-psychological threshold. The invoked supports (Aditi, Sindhu, Earth, Heaven) form a total cosmology: infinite wideness, flowing force, stable base, luminous height—together enabling passage from aṃhas to ṛta-aligned expansiveness.
Aditi (infinite wideness vs constriction), Ṛta as moral-cosmic purification, release from aṃhas (inner narrowing)
Deliverance from avadyā is return to ṛta; Mitra-Varuṇa uphold the lawful path.
Sunrise symbolizes the re-entry of truth into the mind; prayer asks that truth govern life.
Daily re-creation: the world is renewed by the sun’s rising and the sustaining powers of infinity, flow, earth, and heaven.
Integral yoga resonance: purification + widening + embodied support, not world-negation.
sunrise
Rising clarity; cleansing flow of consciousness; stable embodiment; spacious mind—together enabling release from narrowness and error.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The sunrise as salvific threshold: with Sūrya’s rising, the gods ‘carry across’ from distress and fault. Mythically, light rescues from darkness; psychologically, the uprising of consciousness releases the being from narrowing forces and restores alignment with Ṛta.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- dyáuḥ (PIE *dyew-) and pṛthivī (earth term with Indo-European parallels) preserve the inherited Sky/Earth dyad. The prayer formula ‘deliver us out of X’ uses core preverbs (niḥ) and inherited verb semantics of crossing/protecting (√pṛ/related protective semantics), typical of early Indo-European hymn-prayer structures.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The ṛṣi petitions for an inner transformation: from aṃhas (constriction) to māmahantām (enlargement). The devatās are not distant; they are invoked as active cosmic-psychic supports—law (Mitra-Varuṇa), infinitude (Aditi), flow (Sindhu), stability (Earth), height (Heaven)—to build a complete inner ecology for truth-conscious living.
At sunrise, confess narrowness and misalignment without guilt; invoke widening (Aditi) and lawful clarity (Mitra-Varuṇa) to ‘carry across’ the day.
anāhata (healing/karuṇā) leading to ājñā (clear alignment)
On inhale: ‘uditā sūryasya’; on exhale: ‘nir aṃhasaḥ’; then 5 minutes of open-awareness meditation (Aditi).
From contracted anxiety into widened, supported clarity.
Name one distress (aṃhas) and one habitual fault (avadyā); offer both to the rising light; choose one corrective action that restores ṛta today.
Ṛgvedic accents with clear udatta on adyā, uditā, sūryasya, nir, aṃhasaḥ, mitro, varuṇo, aditiḥ, sindhuḥ.
Let the petition ‘nir aṃhasaḥ… nir avadyāt’ be crisp and emphatic; broaden tone on the concluding list (Aditi… Dyauḥ) to evoke widening.
udy- (uditā): keep the dental d clear; avoid ‘ujitā’., aṃhasaḥ: nasal ‘ṃ’ audible; ha not aspirated excessively., māmahantām: long ā; articulate h clearly., sindhuḥ: keep dh voiced aspirate; final ḥ light.
Supplicatory but confident; end with expansive, calm resonance.
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