Atharva Veda Sukta 73
Kanda 7Anuvaka 8Sukta 7311 Mantras

Sukta 73

Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic/Angiras line (hymn-level attribution varies by Anukramaṇī; requires consultation of AVŚ 7.73 anukramaṇī).

Devata: Savitar; Dawn (Uṣas); implicitly the Cow/Milk as efficacious agent.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (needs metrical verification against pada lengths).

This sukta is a paustika hymn that sacralizes milk and the cow as carriers of bhaga (good portion), linking household prosperity to the cosmic regularity of Savitar and the radiant advance of Uṣas. Through the imagery of heated gharma and well-tended pasture, it petitions for abundant milk-yield, healthy cattle, and the auspicious “success-signs” of a flourishing home. Its power lies in aligning daily cattle-keeping and offering-practice with the divinely opened “vault of heaven,” so nourishment becomes both ritual and restoration.

Kind of charm

Paushtika (prosperity)
Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 7.73

Mantras

Mantra 1

घर्मः। समि॑द्धो अ॒ग्निर्वृ॑षणा र॒थी दि॒वस्त॒प्तो घ॒र्मो दु॑ह्यते वामि॒षे मधु॑ । व॒यं हि वां॑ पुरु॒दमा॑सो अश्विना॒ हवा॑महे सध॒मादे॑षु का॒रवः॑

अग्नि जल रहा है। दोनों ताकतवाले देवता, तुम रथ में आओ। आसमान से गरम दूध निकल रहा है तुम्हारे लिए, जैसे शहद मीठा। हम गाने वाले लोग तुम्हे बुला रहे हैं, अश्विन देवता, सब मिलके खाने-पीने के टाइम।

Mantra 2

समि॑द्धो अ॒ग्निर॑श्विना त॒प्तो वां॑ घ॒र्म आ ग॑तम्। दु॒ह्यन्ते॑ नू॒नं वृ॑षणे॒ह धे॒नवो॒ दस्रा॒ मद॑न्ति वे॒धसः॑

अग्नि जल रहा है। अश्विन देवता, तुम यहाँ आओ। तुम्हारे लिए गरम दूध तैयार है। अब गाय दूध दे रही हैं। तुम जो चमत्कार करते हो, तुमसे ज्ञानी लोग खुश हो रहे हैं।

Mantra 3

स्वाहा॑कृतः॒ शुचि॑र्दे॒वेषु॑ य॒ज्ञो यो अ॒श्विनो॑श्चम॒सो दे॑व॒पानः॑ । तमु॒ विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॑सो जुषा॒णा ग॑न्ध॒र्वस्य॒ प्रत्या॒स्ना रि॑हन्ति

यह यज्ञ भगवान के लिए साफ है, स्वाहा बोलके किया गया है। अश्विन देवता का प्याला है, देवता लोग इसमे से पीते हैं। सारे अमर देवता इससे बहुत पसंद करते हैं, जैसे कोई रस चख रहा हो।

Mantra 4

यदु॒स्रिया॒स्वाहु॑तं घृ॒तं पयो॒ऽयं स वा॑मश्विना भा॒ग आ ग॑तम्। माध्वी॑ धर्तारा विदथस्य सत्पती त॒प्तं घ॒र्मं पि॑बतं रोच॒ने दि॒वः

जितना भी दूध और घी हवन में दिया गया है, वो सब अश्विन भगवान के लिए है। आप दोनों आजाइये। आप मीठी तरह से सब संभालते हैं, यह पूजा के असली मालिक हैं। आसमान में चमकते हुए स्थान पर गरम घर्म पियेये।

Mantra 5

त॒प्तो वां॑ घ॒र्मो न॑क्षतु॒ स्वहो॑ता॒ प्र वा॑मध्व॒र्युश्च॑रतु॒ पय॑स्वान्। मधो॑र्दु॒ग्धस्या॑श्विना त॒नाया॑ वी॒तं पा॒तं पय॑स उ॒स्रिया॑याः

यह गरम घर्म आप तक पहुंचे, यह पूजा सही तरीके से हो रही है। पुजारी आपके लिए आगे बढ़ रहा है, उसके पास दूध है। अश्विन भगवान, मीठा दूध बच्चों के लिए निकाला गया है। आप इस गाय के दूध का मज़ा लो, पियो।

Mantra 6

उप॑ द्रव॒ पय॑सा गोधुगो॒षमा घ॒र्मे सि॑ञ्च॒ पय॑ उ॒स्रिया॑याः । वि नाक॑मख्यत् सवि॒ता वरे॑ण्योऽनुप्र॒याण॑मुषसो॒ वि रा॑जति

दूध ले के भागो, गायों के दूध निकालने की आवाज़ की तरफ। गरम हवन में गाय का दूध चढ़ा दो। सवितर, जो सबसे बड़े हैं, आसमान खोल के दिखा रहे हैं। सुभह की रोशनी चमक के आ रही है।

Mantra 7

उप॑ ह्वये सु॒दुघां॑ धे॒नुमे॒तां सु॒हस्तो॑ गो॒धुगु॒त दो॑हदेनाम्। श्रेष्ठं॑ स॒वं स॑वि॒ता सा॑विषन्नो॒ऽभीऽद्धो घ॒र्मस्तदु॒ षु प्र वो॑चत्

मैं इस दूध देने वाली गाय को बुला रहा हूँ। दूध निकालने वाला अच्छे हाथ से इसका दूध निकालता है। सवितर ने हमारे लिए सबसे अच्छा काम किया है। गरम हवन जल के यह बात बोल रहा है।

Mantra 8

हि॒ङ्कृ॒ण्व॒ती व॑सु॒पत्नी॒ वसू॑नां व॒त्समि॒च्छन्ती॒ मन॑सा॒ न्याग॑न्। दु॒हाम॒श्विभ्यां॒ पयो॑ अ॒घ्न्येयं सा व॑र्धतां मह॒ते सौभ॑गाय

गाय सब धन की मालिक है, अपने बच्चे को देखने की इच्छा से झुक गई। यह गाय अश्विन के लिए दूध देती है। इस गाय से बड़ा भाग्य मिले, यही दुआ है।

Mantra 9

जुष्टो॒ दमू॑ना॒ अति॑थिर्दुरो॒ण इ॒मं नो॑ य॒ज्ञमुप॑ याहि वि॒द्वान्। विश्वा॑ अग्ने अभि॒युजो॑ वि॒हत्य॑ शत्रूय॒तामा भ॑रा॒ भोज॑नानि

अग्नि, तू घर में रहनेवाला मेहमान है। आ जा हमारी यज्ञ में, तू जो सब जानता है। अपने दुश्मनों को मार के, खाना और सामान ले आ जो उनके लिए है।

Mantra 10

अग्ने॒ शर्ध॑ मह॒ते सौभ॑गाय॒ तव॑ द्यु॒म्नान्यु॑त्त॒मानि॑ सन्तु । सं जा॑स्प॒त्यं सु॒यम॒मा कृ॑णुष्व शत्रूय॒ताम॒भि ति॑ष्ठा॒ महां॑सि

अग्नि, हमें बड़ा भाग्य दे। तेरी चमक सबसे ऊपर होनी चाहिए। घर को ठीक से चला, सब ठीक रख। दुश्मन लोगों के सामने खड़ा रह, तू बड़ा बलवान है।

Mantra 11

सू॒य॒व॒साद् भग॑वती॒ हि भू॒या अधा॑ व॒यं भग॑वन्तः स्याम । अ॒द्धि तृण॑मघ्न्ये विश्व॒दानीं॒ पिब॑ शु॒द्धमु॑द॒कमा॒चर॑न्ती

हे गाये, अच्छे चारागाहों से खाओ और भगवान तुम्हे और अच्छा करे। हम भी भगवान की कृपा से अच्छे हो जायें। तू घास खाया कर, सारा दिन। साफ पानी पिया कर, आज़ादी से घूमती रहो।

Inside Sukta 73

How it unfolds

  1. How it opens

    The hymn frames prosperity through correctly conducted offering and the approach of milk, invoking divine order and auspicious movement (Savitar/Uṣas; also Aśvins in the gharma setting).

  2. What it asks

    May milk come swiftly and abundantly; may the heated offering be effective; may the cow thrive on pasture and pure water, yielding ongoing fortune and nourishment.

  3. Where its power lies

    Savitar ‘discloses the heavenly vault’ and Dawn’s onward course ‘shines forth’—cosmic signs that the rite is aligned and therefore efficacious for increase.

  4. How it closes

    A practical blessing seals the charm: the inviolable cow eats grass at all times and drinks pure water while roaming freely—ensuring sustained yield and bhaga for the household.

Famous verses

vi nākam akhyat savitā vareṇyaḥ
Verse 7.73.6Cosmic validation verse: milk’s approach and offering are explicitly tied to Savitar opening the nāka and Uṣas shining—an emblem of auspicious success-signs and ordered increase.Read verse 7.73.6 →
piba śuddham udakam
Verse 7.73.11Household sealing verse: pasture, grass, and pure water are named as the cow’s supports; the charm becomes an ongoing program for cattle health and fortune (bhaga).Read verse 7.73.11 →

Kind of hymn

Paustika (Prosperity) / Bhaisajya-adjacent (nourishment-restoration via milk)

What it is for

To increase and safeguard milk abundance, cattle health and fertility, and the household’s share of good fortune (bhaga), ensuring successful outcomes in domestic-ritual activity.

Who it is for

Householders, herdsmen, and domestic ritualists (with or without a priest), especially those seeking to stabilize cattle-wealth, milk supply, and family flourishing.

Also used as

  • Bhaiṣajya-adjacent (nourishment-restoration)
  • Pāśupauṣṭika (cattle-increase and protection)
  • Gṛhya/household auspiciousness

The deity

Savitar is the impelling, ordering solar power who “sets in motion” rites, beings, and right timing; Uṣas is the Dawn whose onward shining marks successful renewal; the Cow/Milk functions as a tangible, blessed medium of prosperity and restoration.

Powers of the deity

  • Reveals and opens the ‘heavenly vault’ (nāka) and establishes auspicious visibility
  • Impels forward movement, right timing, and successful completion of rites
  • Grants bhaga (good portion), increase, and household fortune through nourishment
  • Strengthens cattle: health, fertility, pasture-success, and milk-yield
  • Transforms offering-heat (gharma) into sweet, life-sustaining essence (madhu/payas)

Why the deity is called

Invoked to synchronize the milking/gharma-offering with cosmic order (Savitar) and renewal (Uṣas), so that milk becomes an assured channel of prosperity, progeny, and cattle-wellbeing.

The seer

  • Atharvanic/Āṅgirasa seer (anukramaṇī-specific attribution for AVŚ 7.73 requires consultation)Atharvan. Paustika charms for increase (pūṣṭi), cattle-prosperity, nourishment-restoration via milk/gharma, and auspicious household success-signs; often adjacent to bhaiṣajya concerns where food itself is medicine.

Other hymns of this seer

  • AVŚ 7.72 (adjacent paustika context; attribution varies by recensions/anukramaṇī)
  • AVŚ 7.74 (adjacent hymn; attribution varies by anukramaṇī)

Preparing for the rite

  • Select a healthy milch-cow and a clean milking area; ensure pasture and water access are unobstructed.
  • Prepare a clean vessel for milk; if performing gharma-style heating, ready a heated pot/vessel and maintain ritual cleanliness.
  • Mentally orient the rite to sunrise/dawn: Savitar/Uṣas are time-sensitive powers in this hymn’s imagery.

The rite

  • Recite while approaching/bringing milk (payaḥ), emphasizing the ‘run hither with milk’ movement (cf. 7.73.6).
  • If using heated offering (gharma), pour/heat the milk as recitation proceeds; treat the act as a prosperity-consecration rather than mere cooking.
  • Conclude by blessing the cow’s freedom of movement, pasture-eating, and pure-water drinking (cf. 7.73.11), reinforcing ongoing yield and health.

What it needs

  • Milk (payaḥ)
  • Cow (usrī/aghnyā) and access to good pasture (tṛṇa/sūyavasa)
  • Pure water (śuddha-udaka)
  • Heated vessel/oblation context (gharma)

When

Preferably at dawn or early morning around milking-time; secondarily whenever restoring nourishment/cattle-luck is ritually urgent.

The main substance

Milk (payaḥ), especially as heated gharma (where applicable)

How it is prepared

Use freshly drawn milk in a clean vessel; optionally heat as gharma while reciting. Pair the recitation with ensuring good pasture (sūyavasa/tṛṇa) and access to pure water (śuddha-udaka) as the practical extension of the mantra’s ‘seal’.

Frequently Asked Questions

For paustika aims: increasing milk supply, protecting and strengthening cattle, and drawing bhaga (good fortune) into the household through a dawn-aligned recitation and offering-practice.

Savitar represents right timing and successful forward movement, while Dawn marks renewal and visible auspiciousness. The hymn ties milk’s abundance to that cosmic order—so daily milking becomes ritually ‘well-led’ and prosperous.

Not necessarily. The hymn can be applied in a household way during milking and blessing the cow’s pasture and water; the gharma/heated-offering imagery represents intensifying and consecrating nourishment, but the core intent is cattle and milk prosperity.

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