Verse 3

Kaivalya

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

न कर्मणा न प्रजया धनेन त्यागेनैके अमृतत्वमानशुः । परेण नाकं निहितं गुहायां विभ्राजते यद्यतयो विशन्ति ॥३॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

न । कर्मणा । न । प्रजया । धनेन । त्यागेन । एके । अमृतत्वम् । आनशुः । परेण । नाकम् । निहितम् । गुहायाम् । विभ्राजते । यत् । यतयः । विशन्ति ॥३॥

IAST Transliteration

na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike amṛtatvam ānaśuḥ | pareṇa nākaṃ nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ vibhrājate yad yatayo viśanti ||3||

Translation

न कर्म से, न संतान से, न धन से—केवल त्याग से ही कुछ लोग अमृतत्व को प्राप्त हुए। स्वर्ग से भी परे, हृदय-गुहा में स्थित वह तत्त्व प्रकाशमान है; जिसमें यति (संन्यासी) प्रवेश करते हैं॥३॥

Academic Translation

Not by action, not by progeny, not by wealth—by renunciation alone some attained immortality. Higher than heaven, placed in the cave (of the heart), that (Reality) shines forth—into which the ascetics enter.

Verse Context

• Tyāga/saṃnyāsa as the decisive means; amṛtatva (immortality) through realization of the heart-indwelling Brahman
• Mahavakya: Aligns with mahāvākya culmination by negating external means and pointing to inner realization of Brahman in the “guhā” (heart), consistent with identity-knowledge (e.g., “ahaṃ brahmāsmi”).
• Atharva
• Atharva-veda (Kaivalya Upaniṣad; śākhā attribution not conclusively fixed) Shakha
• Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like metrical style (Upaniṣadic anuṣṭubh/triṣṭubh mixture; commonly classified as metrical verse rather than prose)