Shloka 16

रम्भा

प्रलोभनम् — Rambhā’s Temptation and Viśvāmitra’s Curse

Devanagari script

कोपेन स महातेजास्तपोऽपहरणे कृते।इन्द्रियैरजितै राम न लेभे शान्तिमात्मन:।।1.64.16।।

Transliteration

kopena sa mahātejās tapo ’paharaṇe kṛte | indriyair ajitai rāma na lebhe śāntim ātmanaḥ || 1.64.16 ||

Translation

हे राम! क्रोध के कारण जब उसका तपोबल क्षीण हो गया, तब वह महातेजस्वी—इन्द्रियों को न जीत पाने से—अपने भीतर शान्ति न पा सका।

Word by Word

• कोपेन: by anger
• कोपेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Pronoun, nominative singular

• महातेजाः: the great-splendoured one
• महातेजाः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महातेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; compound: महत् + तेजस्; Nominative singular

• तपः-अपहरणे: in the taking away of austerity (merit)
• तपः-अपहरणे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location-occasion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् + अपहरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; compound: तपसः अपहरणम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); Locative singular

• कृते: when it had been done
• कृते: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Occasion)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + कृत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Locative singular agreeing with अपहरणे; ‘when/after it was done’

• इन्द्रियैः: with the senses
• इन्द्रियैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• अजितैः: unconquered
• अजितैः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; adjective qualifying इन्द्रियैः; Instrumental plural

• राम: O Rama
• राम: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय; negation particle

• लेभे: obtained
• लेभे: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लभ् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (परिपूर्णभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; ‘he obtained’

• शान्तिम्: peace
• शान्तिम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular

• आत्मनः: of himself
• आत्मनः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Genitive singular

Context

"O Rama! highly powerful Viswamitra was deprived of his ascetic merit due to hisanger. He had no peace of mind for his inability to control his senses.

Characters & Entities

• Viśvāmitra
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Inner peace is a fruit of dharma only when the senses are mastered; anger dissipates spiritual capital and destroys tranquility.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra reflects on the aftermath of the curse: anger caused loss of tapas and left him mentally unsettled.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Indriya-nigraha (control of the senses) as a necessary virtue for ascetics and rulers alike.