HomeRamayanaBala KandaSarga 43Shloka 4
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Shloka 4

गङ्गावतरणम्

The Descent of the Gaṅgā and Bhagiratha’s Fulfilment

ततो हैमवती ज्येष्ठा सर्वलोकनमस्कृता।तदा सातिमहद्रूपं कृत्वा वेगं च दुस्सहम्।।।।आकाशादपतद्राम शिवे शिवशिरस्युत।

tato haimavatī jyeṣṭhā sarva-loka-namaskṛtā |

tadā sā ati-mahad-rūpaṃ kṛtvā vegaṃ ca duḥsaham |

ākāśād apatat rāma śive śiva-śirasy uta ||

तब हिमवान की ज्येष्ठ पुत्री, समस्त लोकों द्वारा वंदिता गंगा ने अत्यन्त विशाल रूप धारण किया और असह्य वेग लेकर, हे राम, आकाश से गिरकर शिव के शुभ मस्तक पर आ पड़ी॥

ततःthereafter
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) of sequence
हैमवतीHaimavatī (Gaṅgā)
हैमवती:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहैमवती (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; name/epithet (daughter of Himavat)
ज्येष्ठाthe eldest
ज्येष्ठा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies 'हैमवती'
सर्वलोकनमस्कृताrevered by all worlds
सर्वलोकनमस्कृता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व-लोक-नमस्कृत (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; compound: सर्वेषु लोकेषु नमस्कृता
तदाthen
तदा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
साshe
सा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Feminine, Nominative, Singular
अतिमहत्-रूपम्a very huge form
अतिमहत्-रूपम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअति (अव्यय) + महत् (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; compound: अति महत् च तत् रूपम् = 'very great form'
कृत्वाhaving assumed/made
कृत्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) + त्वा
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable; prior action
वेगम्speed/force
वेगम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवेग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
दुस्सहम्unbearable
दुस्सहम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुस्सह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with 'वेगम्' (or with implied 'बलम्'); 'hard to bear'
आकाशात्from the sky
आकाशात्:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular
अपतत्fell
अपतत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
रामO Rāma
राम:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शिवेon Śiva
शिवे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular; 'on Śiva' (as locus)
शिवशिरसिon Śiva's head
शिवशिरसि:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootशिव-शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular; compound: शिवस्य शिरसि = 'on Śiva's head'
उतindeed/also
उत:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphatic/also

Then Ganga, the eldest daughter of Himavat who is adored by all the worlds, assuming the form of a mighty river descended from the sky with unbearable speed on the auspicious head of Siva.

G
Gaṅgā
H
Himavat
R
Rāma
Ś
Śiva

FAQs

Dharma as cosmic restraint: immense power must be borne and regulated by a higher stabilizing principle—Śiva receives Gaṅgā so her force does not harm the worlds.

Gaṅgā descends from heaven in a tremendous form and momentum, landing upon Śiva’s head as part of the divine arrangement enabling her safe flow to earth.

Śiva’s protective containment and responsibility—strength used to safeguard the world’s order.