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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 29

दशरथस्य शोकानुचिन्तनं शब्धवेधि-दोषस्मरणं च

Daśaratha’s grief, karmic reflection, and the remembered ‘śabdavedhī’ misdeed

प्रविविक्तां नदीं रात्रावुदाहाऽरोहमागतः।इषुणाऽभिहतः केन कस्य वा किं कृतं मया।।2.63.29।।

praviviktāṃ nadīṃ rātrāv udāhāroham āgataḥ |

iṣuṇā 'bhihataḥ kena kasya vā kiṃ kṛtaṃ mayā || 2.63.29 ||

“रात में मैं जल भरने के लिए इस एकान्त नदी-तट पर उतरा था। किसने मुझे बाण से मारा? मैंने किसका क्या अपराध किया है?”

ṛṣeḥof a sage
ṛṣeḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात (emphatic particle)
nyasta-daṇḍasyaof one who has renounced violence
nyasta-daṇḍasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootnyasta (प्रातिपदिक; ni-√as/√sā? ‘to place’ से क्त) + daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (karmadhāraya-like determinative: ‘one who has laid down the staff/violence’), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन; ऋषेः इति विशेषणम्
vanein the forest
vane:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन
vanyenawith forest-produce
vanyena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; साधन/आहाररूपेण
jīvataḥof (him) living
jīvataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Root√jīv (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन; ऋषेः इति सम्बन्धः (‘of one living/subsisting’)
kathamhow?
katham:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण
nuindeed?, pray
nu:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रश्न/अनुनयार्थक निपात
śastreṇaby a weapon
śastreṇa:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśastra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन
vadhaḥkilling
vadhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvadha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
mad-vidhasyaof one like me
mad-vidhasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmad (प्रातिपदिक; asmad-śabda) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘like me’), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन; वधः इति सम्बन्धः
vidhīyateis perpetrated
vidhīyate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√dhā (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive): ‘is done/ordained’

After Rama had left along with his wife the king of Kosala (Dasaratha) recollected his former evil deed and wanted to narrate it to the dark-eyed Kausalya.

R
river (nadī)
A
arrow (iṣu)

FAQs

Dharma is fairness and non-injury: punishment or violence without cause violates justice, especially when the victim is blameless.

The wounded ascetic explains he came only to fetch water and asks why he has been attacked.

Harmlessness and sincerity—he presents his innocent purpose and appeals to truth.