Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 4

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

स याच्यमानः काकुत्स्थः स्वाभिः प्रकृतिभिस्तदा।कुर्वाणः पितरं सत्यं वनमेवान्वपद्यत।।।।

Transliteration

sa yācyamānaḥ kākutsthaḥ svābhiḥ prakṛtibhis tadā |

kurvāṇaḥ pitaraṃ satyaṃ vanam evānvapadyata ||

Translation

काकुत्स्थवंशी राम अपने ही जनों द्वारा बार-बार विनती किए जाने पर भी, पिता के वचन को सत्य करने के लिए वन की ओर ही अग्रसर हुए।

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• yācyamānaḥ: being entreated
• yācyamānaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of saḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √yāc (धातु; याच्)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Śānac (present passive participle): 'being begged/entreated'

• kākutsthaḥ: Kakutstha (Rama)
• kākutsthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to saḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; proper epithet

• svābhiḥ: by his own
• svābhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Ins, 3rd), Bahuvacana; agrees with prakṛtibhiḥ

• prakṛtibhiḥ: by the subjects
• prakṛtibhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; 'subjects/citizens'

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• kurvāṇaḥ: doing/making
• kurvāṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of saḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √kṛ (धातु; कृ)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Śatṛ (present active participle)

• pitaram: his father
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म; object of kurvāṇaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• satyam: true (to his promise)
• satyam: Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्मसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; predicative complement with pitaram: 'true (to his word)'

• vanam: the forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म; goal as object with motion verb)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa (emphasis)

• anvapadyata: proceeded (to)
• anvapadyata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√pad (धातु; पद्)
• Form: Laṅ (Imperfect), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; 'followed/entered upon'

Context

Then Sumantra also unyoked the fatigued horses from the chariot and quickly allowed them to roll and relax on the ground. Having made the horses drink and dipin water, he released them for grazing not far from Tamasa river.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē pañcacatvāriṅśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fortyfifth sarga of Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Ayodhyā (implied via citizens)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya and dharma are upheld through obedience to a rightful vow: Rāma prioritizes his father’s pledged word over personal comfort and public pleading.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma departs for exile, the citizens beg him to stay; nevertheless, he continues toward the forest to ensure Daśaratha’s promise is not falsified.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity and steadfastness (dṛḍha-vrata): Rāma remains unwavering in truthfulness and duty despite emotional pressure.