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Padma Purana — Srishti Khanda, Shloka 1

The Glory of Śrāddha at Sacred Fords and the Determination of the Kutapa Time

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच । कस्मिन्वासरभागे तु श्राद्धी श्राद्धं समाचरेत् । तीर्थेषु केषु वै श्राद्धं कृतं बहुफलं द्विज

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | kasminvāsarabhāge tu śrāddhī śrāddhaṃ samācaret | tīrtheṣu keṣu vai śrāddhaṃ kṛtaṃ bahuphalaṃ dvija

Translation

भीष्म बोले— जो श्राद्ध करना चाहता है, वह दिन के किस भाग में विधिपूर्वक श्राद्ध करे? और हे द्विजोत्तम, किन-किन तीर्थों में किया गया श्राद्ध अत्यन्त फलदायक होता है?

Word by Word
भीष्मःBhīṣma
भीष्मः:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन (Nominative singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (Speech act/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कस्मिन्in which
कस्मिन्:
Adhikaraṇa (Query-location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Locative singular: “in which/at what”)
वासरभागेin which part of the day
वासरभागे:
Adhikaraṇa (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवासर + भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Locative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (vāsarasya bhāgaḥ: part of the day)
तुindeed, then
तु:
Prayojaka-nipāta (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/अन्वयार्थक निपात (but/indeed)
श्राद्धीthe performer of śrāddha
श्राद्धी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धिन्/श्राद्धी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन (Nominative singular); श्राद्धकर्ता (one who performs śrāddha)
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Accusative singular)
समाचरेत्should perform
समाचरेत्:
Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (should perform)
तीर्थेषुat sacred places
तीर्थेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Locative plural)
केषुin which (ones)
केषु:
Adhikaraṇa (Query-location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Locative plural: “in which”)
वैindeed
वै:
Prayojaka-nipāta (Emphasis/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (indeed)
श्राद्धम्śrāddha
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg; here with participle: “śrāddha performed”)
कृतम्performed
कृतम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत (कृदन्त; कृ धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (performed/done)
बहुफलम्highly fruitful
बहुफलम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु + फल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (bahuṃ phalaṃ yasya: having much fruit)
द्विजO twice-born (Brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन विभक्ति, एकवचन (Vocative singular)
Speaker

Bhīṣma

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: कस्मिन्वासरभागे = कस्मिन् + वासरभागे (न् + व). बहुफलं = बहु-फलम् (कर्मधारय).

Characters & Entities
B
Bhīṣma
D
Dvija (addressed Brahmin)

FAQs

He asks two things: the proper time within the day to perform śrāddha, and which tīrthas make śrāddha especially fruitful.

“Dvija” means “twice-born,” typically a Brahmin (or a member of the three varṇas with Vedic initiation); Bhīṣma is addressing a learned ritual authority.

Ritual propriety and efficacy—doing ancestral rites at the right time and place to maximize spiritual merit (puṇya) and benefit.

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