Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 30, Shloka 21

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

कुर्युर्मातामहायैवं पुत्रिकास्तनयास्तथा ।

द्व्यामुष्यायणसंज्ञास्तु मातामहपितामहान् ॥

Transliteration

kuryur mātāmahāyaivaṃ putrikāstanayās tathā |

dvyāmuṣyāyaṇasaṃjñās tu mātāmahapitāmahān ||

Translation

इसी प्रकार नियुक्त पुत्रिका के पुत्रों को अपने मातामह के लिए भी कर्म करना चाहिए। जो द्व्यामुष्यायण कहलाते हैं, वे मातामह और पितामह—दोनों के लिए (कर्म करते हैं)।

Word by Word

• कुर्युः: should do
• कुर्युः: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• मातामहाय: for the maternal grandfather
• मातामहाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Dative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातामह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this manner)

• पुत्रिकाः: daughters (appointed as putrikā)
• पुत्रिकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्रिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• तनयाः: sons
• तनयाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक (likewise/also)

• द्वि-आमुष्यायण-संज्ञाः: called dvyāmuṣyāyaṇa
• द्वि-आमुष्यायण-संज्ञाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक) + आमुष्यायण (प्रातिपदिक) + संज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (having the designation ‘dvyāmuṣyāyaṇa’)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विशेषार्थक/विरोधार्थक

• मातामह-पितामहान्: maternal grandfathers and paternal grandfathers (ancestors)
• मातामह-पितामहान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातामह (प्रातिपदिक) + पितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास

Speakers

• Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitri Puja
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Lineage law (putrikā, dual affiliation)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual duty follows recognized kinship institutions (like putrikā and dual-line affiliation), ensuring that elders receive offerings even when family structure is atypical.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Dual-line’ performance suggests that merit and remembrance can be ‘addressed’ to multiple ancestral streams; dharma is portrayed as adaptable to preserve continuity of offerings.