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Shloka 61

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

काले चतुर्थे भुठ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत्‌ । स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत त्रिरह्वाभ्युपयन्नप: । एवमेव निराकर्ता यश्षाग्नीनपविध्यति

kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet | sthānāsanābhyāṁ viharet trir ahvābhyupayann apaḥ | evam eva nirākartā yaḥ agnīn apavidhyati |

भीष्म ने कहा—दिन के चौथे पहर में ही भोजन करे, ब्रह्मचारी और व्रती रहे। खड़े रहने और बैठने मात्र से समय बिताए, और दिन में तीन बार शुद्धि हेतु जल के पास जाकर आचमन-स्नान करे। जो पवित्र अग्नियों का परित्याग/उपेक्षा करता है, उसके लिए भी यही प्रायश्चित्त है।

कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चतुर्थेin the fourth (period)
चतुर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भुञ्जानःeating/partaking
भुञ्जानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student; one observing brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्रतीone under a vow; vow-observer
व्रती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be/become
भवेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्थानासनाभ्याम्by standing and sitting (postures)
स्थानासनाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थानासन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
विहरेत्should move about/should spend time
विहरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + हृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
अह्नाin a day; by day
अह्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्युपयन्approaching; going near
अभ्युपयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + उप + इ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
अपःwaters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निराकर्ताremover; one who rejects/sets aside
निराकर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिर् + आ + कृ (निराकर्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, तृच् (agent noun)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्नीन्fires (sacred fires)
अग्नीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपविध्यतिcasts away; discards; throws aside
अपविध्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअप + विध्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
agnayaḥ (sacred fires)
A
apaḥ (water)

Educational Q&A

The verse prescribes a disciplined penance: regulated eating, celibacy, vow-observance, restrained posture (standing/sitting), and thrice-daily ritual water-taking, as an expiation for neglecting the sacred household fires.

In Bhishma’s dharma-instruction in the Śānti Parva, he lays down a specific rule of conduct (austerity and purification regimen) to rectify the fault of abandoning or failing to maintain the sacred fires.