Shloka 40

Devanagari script

एतावदुक्‍्त्वा द्रौणिर्मा युग्यानश्वान्‌ धनानि च । आदायोपययोौ काले रत्नानि विविधानि च

Transliteration

etāvad uktvā drauṇir mā yugyān aśvān dhanāni ca | ādāyopayayau kāle ratnāni vividhāni ca ||

Translation

इतना कहकर द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामा रथ में जोतने योग्य घोड़े, धन तथा नाना प्रकार के रत्न लेकर यथासमय वहाँ से लौट गया।

Word by Word

• एतावत्: this much
• एतावत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतावत्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उक्त्वा: having said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• द्रौणिः: Drauni (son of Droṇa), Aśvatthāmā
• द्रौणिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौणि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• युग्यान्: fit to be yoked
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युग्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• धनानि: wealth, riches
• धनानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• आदाय: having taken
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + दा
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• उपययौ: went away / departed
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + या
• Form: Liṭ (Perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• काले: at the (proper) time
• काले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• रत्नानि: gems, jewels
• रत्नानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• विविधानि: various, diverse
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman)
• Droṇa
• horses (aśvāḥ)
• wealth (dhana)
• jewels (ratna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how, in the wake of catastrophic violence, actions quickly shift to securing resources—horses, wealth, and jewels—revealing the moral tension between dharma and the opportunistic impulses that war can unleash.

What is happening in the narrative?

After speaking briefly, Aśvatthāman (Droṇa’s son) leaves at the appropriate time, taking chariot-worthy horses along with money/wealth and assorted jewels.