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Shloka 31

Śālva Attacks Dvārakā; Pradyumna Leads the Defense

Saubha-vimāna and Māyā-yuddha

व्यक्तं मे कथयिष्यन्ति हसन्त्यो भ्रातृजामय: । क्लैब्यं कथं कथं वीर तवान्यै: कथ्यतां मृधे ॥ ३१ ॥

vyaktaṁ me kathayiṣyanti hasantyo bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥ klaibyaṁ kathaṁ kathaṁ vīra tavānyaiḥ kathyatāṁ mṛdhe

निश्चय ही मेरी भाभियाँ हँसती हुई कहेंगी— “अरे वीर! बताओ तो सही, युद्ध में शत्रुओं ने तुम्हें ऐसा कायर कैसे बना दिया?”

vyaktamopenly, clearly
vyaktam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvyakta (कृदन्त; √vyaj/व्यञ्ज्)
Formअव्यय (adverbial accusative usage), manner adverb
meto me / of me
me:
Sampradāna/Adhikāra (सम्प्रदान/अधिकार)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), षष्ठी/चतुर्थी एकवचन (Genitive/Dative singular) enclitic form
kathayiṣyantithey will tell
kathayiṣyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kath (धातु) + ṇic (causative)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
hasantyaḥlaughing (women)
hasantyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√has (धातु)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन
bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥbrothers and sons-in-law
bhrātṛ-jāmayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + jāmā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्वसमास, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन
klaibyamcowardice, impotence
klaibyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootklaibya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)
kathamhow indeed?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (repetition for emphasis)
vīraO hero
vīra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
tavayour
tava:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
anyaiḥby others
anyaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
kathyatāmlet it be said / be spoken
kathyatām:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kath (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive imperative)
mṛdhein battle
mṛdhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛdh (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
D
Duryodhana

FAQs

This verse shows how obsession with reputation and ridicule can drive a person’s decisions; Duryodhana fears being mocked and labeled “unmanly,” revealing bondage to pride rather than clarity of dharma.

Duryodhana speaks in anxiety about public shame—especially mockery from his sisters-in-law—addressing a “hero” (vīra) to press the point that cowardice in battle would become a lasting scandal.

It warns against making choices from fear of social judgment; instead of acting for image, one should act from integrity, duty, and higher spiritual purpose.