Sutra 35

Devanagari script

कर्षकस्य ग्राममभ्युपेत्याकुर्वतो ग्राम एवात्ययं हरेत् ॥ कZ_०३.१०.३५ ॥

Transliteration

karṣakasya grāmam abhyupetyākurvato grāma evātyayaṃ haret

Translation

जो कृषक गाँव के प्रति दायित्व स्वीकार कर के भी उसे न करे, उससे ‘अत्यय’ (दण्ड/देय) गाँव ही वसूल करे।

Word by Word

• कर्षकस्य: of the cultivator (farmer)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्षक
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः

• ग्रामम्: the village
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः

• अभ्युपेत्य: having approached (gone to)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-इ (उप + इ)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund); उपसर्गः: अभि + उप

• अकुर्वतः: of (one) not doing / failing to perform (his duty)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्तः (शतृ-प्रत्ययः) ‘अकुर्वत्’; षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; नकार-प्रत्ययेन निषेधः

• ग्रामः: the village (community)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः

• एव: itself / indeed
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: निपातः (अव्ययम्)

• अत्ययम्: a penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्यय
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः

• हरेत्: should take / should levy (collect)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

Entities Mentioned

• karṣaka (cultivator)
• grāma (village community)
• atyaya (penal due/fine/forfeit)

More Details

FAQs

What administrative mechanism is created by letting the village collect the atyaya?

Decentralized enforcement: the state leverages village institutions to secure compliance and reduce collection costs.

What political logic underlies this rule?

Collective monitoring and peer pressure improve performance of agrarian duties, protecting revenue and local order.