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Rig Veda 1.72.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 72, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional for RV 1.72)
Devata: Agni (hymn-level); verse foregrounds Saramā and the Seven (often linked with seven rays/seers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्वाध्यो दिव आ सप्त यह्वी रायो दुरो व्यृतज्ञा अजानन् । विदद्गव्यं सरमा दृळ्हमूर्वं येना नु कं मानुषी भोजते विट् ॥

Transliteration

svā́dhyo divá ā́ saptá yahvī́ rāyó dúro vy ṛtá-jñā ajānan | vídad gavyáṃ sarámā dṛḷhám ū́rvaṃ yéna nú kaṃ mā́nuṣī bhójate víṭ ||

Translation

સ્વાધીન (સ્વાધ્ય) એવા, દ્યૌલોકમાંથી આવેલી સાત યહ્વી—મહાશક્તિશાળી—સત્યને જાણીને રાય (સમૃદ્ધિ)નાં દ્વારોને વિશાળપણે ખોલી દીધાં. સરમા એ પ્રકાશ/ગવ્યોનું દૃઢ આવરણ (ઊર્વ) શોધી કાઢ્યું; જેના દ્વારા હવે માનવ સમુદાય પોતાનો હિસ્સો—ભોગ અને દ્રવ્ય—પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે.

Word by Word
स्वाध्यःself-impelled / acting by its own power
स्वाध्यः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाधि- (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + आधि/धा ‘स्वे धीयते/स्वाध्य’)
दिवःof heaven
दिवः:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven’)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
सप्तseven
सप्त:
Kartā (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे संख्याविशेषणम्)
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
यह्वीःthe swift/impetuous (fem.) ones
यह्वीः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootयह्वी- (प्रातिपदिक)
रायःof wealth
रायः:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रायि- (प्रातिपदिक ‘wealth’)
दुरःdoors, gates
दुरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वर्/द्वार- (प्रातिपदिक ‘door, gate’)
विapart, asunder
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
ऋतज्ञाःknowers of ṛta (cosmic order)
ऋतज्ञाः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋत- + ज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knowing ṛta’)
अजानन्they knew / recognized
अजानन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा (जानाति)
विदत्she found
विदत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (विन्दति ‘finds’)
गव्यम्the bovine (treasure), cattle(-wealth)
गव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootगव्य- (प्रातिपदिक; गो-सम्बन्धि)
सरमाSaramā
सरमा:
Kartā
TypeProper Noun
Rootसरमा- (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
दृळ्हम्firm, fast
दृळ्हम्:
Karma (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृळ्ह- (प्रातिपदिक; √दृंह्/दृढ् ‘make firm’)
ऊर्वम्enclosure, pen (cave-like stall)
ऊर्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्व- (प्रातिपदिक ‘enclosure, pen; cavern’)
येनby which
येन:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
कम्whom? / someone (indef.)
कम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न/अनिश्चित-सर्वनाम)
मानुषीa human (female), human
मानुषी:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुषी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘human’)
भोजतेenjoys, partakes
भोजते:
—
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (भुनक्ति/भुङ्क्ते ‘enjoy, partake’)
विट्the clansman/settler (member of the viś)
विट्:
Kartā (apposition/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविट्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘settler, clansman; viś-man’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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