Rig Veda 1.12.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 12, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.12

Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

घृताहवन दीदिवः प्रति ष्म रिषतो दह । अग्ने त्वं रक्षस्विनः ॥

Transliteration

ghṛtā́havana dī́divaḥ práti ṣmá ríṣato daha | agne tváṃ rakṣasvínaḥ ||

Translation

ઘૃતાહવન, દીપ્તિમાન અગ્નિ! આક્રમણ કરનાર શત્રુબળોને પાછાં દહન કર; હે અગ્નિ, તું રક્ષક છે—વિકૃતિ અને તમસના બળો સામે.

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Word by Word

• घृताहवन: (O Agni) whose invocation is with ghee / ghee-invoked
• घृताहवन: सम्बोधन (address to Agni)
• Type: Noun (compound epithet)
• Root: घृत- + आहवन (आ-√ह्वे/ह्वा ‘to call, invoke’ → आहवन ‘invocation/calling’; prātipadika compound)

• दीदिवः: O shining one
• दीदिवः: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: दीदिवस्- (from √दीप/√दीव ‘to shine’ → ‘shining, luminous’; prātipadika)

• प्रति: against; towards
• प्रति: (directional particle with verb)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: प्रति

• ष्म: indeed; just
• ष्म: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: ष्म (enclitic particle)

• रिषतः: the harming ones; injurers
• रिषतः: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: रिषत्- (present participle from √रिष् ‘to injure, harm’)

• दह: burn!
• दह: (verb; action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दह् (to burn)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि-

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्- (pronoun stem)

• रक्षस्विनः: the protected ones; those under protection
• रक्षस्विनः: कर्म
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: रक्षस्विन्- (possessive adj. from रक्षस् ‘protection’ < √रक्ष् ‘to protect’)