Shloka 49

Devanagari script

ततोऽग्निं विधिवद्दत्त्वा सोऽपसव्यं चकार ह।पितरं दीर्घमध्वानं प्रस्थितं व्याकुलेन्द्रियः4.25.49।।

Transliteration

tato 'gniṁ vidhivad dattvā so 'pasavyaṁ cakāra ha |

pitaraṁ dīrgham adhvānaṁ prasthitaṁ vyākulendriyaḥ || 4.25.49 ||

Translation

પછી વિધિપૂર્વક અગ્નિને અર્પણ કરીને તેણે ચિતાને ડાબી બાજુ રાખી અપસવ્ય પ્રદક્ષિણા કરી; લાંબી યાત્રાએ પ્રસ્થાન કરેલા પિતાને સ્મરી તેની ઇન્દ્રિયો વ્યાકુલ થઈ ગઈ.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (अनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय)

• agnim: fire
• agnim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vidhivat: according to rite
• vidhivat: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vidhivat (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (विधिवत्-अव्यय) meaning 'according to rule/rite'

• dattvā: having given/offered
• dattvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• apasavyam: counterclockwise circumambulation (leftward)
• apasavyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apasavya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially as object of 'cakāra'

• cakāra: did, performed
• cakāra: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• ha: indeed (narrative)
• ha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ha (अव्यय)
• Form: Narrative particle (ह-निपात)

• pitaram: father
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• dīrgham: long
• dīrgham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) qualifying 'adhvānam'

• adhvānam: journey, path
• adhvānam: Karma (कर्म; गत्यर्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prasthitam: departed, set out
• prasthitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prasthita (कृदन्त; √sthā धातु, प्र-उपसर्ग)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) qualifying 'pitaram'

• vyākula-indriyaḥ: with disturbed senses
• vyākula-indriyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyākula-indriya (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound: vyākula (agitated) + indriya (senses); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) qualifying 'saḥ'

Context

Overwhelmed with sorrow, he offered fire to the father who had set out on a long journey (to heaven). As per tradition he went round the pyre ante-clock wise.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada (implied)
• Vāli (as father)
• agni (fire)
• citā (pyre)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ritual dharma: performing prescribed rites carefully honors the dead and stabilizes the living through orderly tradition.

What is the narrative situation?

Aṅgada completes key cremation actions: offering fire and circumambulating the pyre in the customary manner.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence and discipline—maintaining correct conduct even when the mind is shaken by loss.