Shloka 7

Adhyaya 33 — Madālasa on the Fruit of Śrāddha Performed on Lunar Days and Nakṣatras

Sanskrit

तेन कार्यं चतुर्दश्यां तेषां प्रीतिमभीप्सता ।

श्राद्धं कुर्वन्नमावास्यां यत्नेन पुरुषः शुचिः ॥

Transliteration

tena kāryaṃ caturdaśyāṃ teṣāṃ prītim abhīpsatā | śrāddhaṃ kurvann amāvāsyāṃ yatnena puruṣaḥ śuciḥ ||

Translation

અતએવ તેમની તૃપ્તિ ઇચ્છતા શુચિ પુરુષે ચતુર્દશી તિથિએ તેમના માટે પ્રયત્નપૂર્વક શ્રાદ્ધ કરવું જોઈએ, અને અમાવાસ્યાએ પણ શ્રાદ્ધ કરવું જોઈએ।

Word by Word

• tena: therefore/by that
• tena: Hetu/Karaṇa (हेतु/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd), एकवचन; हेतु/साधनार्थ (by that/therefore)

• kāryam: (it) should be done
• kāryam: Pratijñā/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय (what should be done)

• caturdaśyām: on the fourteenth (lunar day)
• caturdaśyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caturdaśī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; काल-अधिकरण

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (of them)

• prītim: satisfaction, pleasure
• prītim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म (desired object)

• abhīpsatā: by one who desires
• abhīpsatā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√āp/√īps (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; कर्तरि: ‘by one desiring’

• śrāddham: śrāddha rite
• śrāddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म

• kurvan: performing
• kurvan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि: ‘doing’

• amāvāsyāyām: on the new-moon day
• amāvāsyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amāvāsyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; काल-अधिकरण

• yatnena: with effort, carefully
• yatnena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yatna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण (means/manner)

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्ता

• śuciḥ: pure, clean
• śuciḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śuci (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘puruṣaḥ’)

Speakers

• Dharma-instructional narrator within the Purāṇic dialogue framework (not Devi Māhātmya); specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha timing (tithi)
• Ritual purity (śauca)
• Pitṛ-prīti

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is portrayed as attentive care: purity (śauca) and diligence (yatna) are as important as the act itself, especially when performing rites for those with difficult deaths.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; not a pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit like vaṃśa or manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

Amāvāsyā is a classic Pitṛ-focused liminal point; pairing it with Caturdaśī suggests reinforcing the transition at two adjacent thresholds, intensifying ‘contact’ with the ancestral plane.