Shloka 39

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

पृथक् तयोस्तथा चान्ये केचिदिच्छन्ति मानवाः । प्राङ्मुखान्दैवसङ्कल्पान् पैत्र्यान् कुर्यादुदङ्मुखान् ॥

Transliteration

pṛthak tayos tathā cānye kecid icchanti mānavāḥ / prāṅmukhān daivasaṅkalpān paitryān kuryād udaṅmukhān

Translation

કેટલાક લોકો આ બે વિધિઓને અલગ જ રાખવાનું પસંદ કરે છે. પૂર્વમુખ થઈ દૈવ-સંકલ્પ કરવો, અને ઉત્તરમુખ થઈ પિતૃ-સંકલ્પ કરવો.

Word by Word

• pṛthak: separately
• pṛthak: Sambandha (वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) ‘separately’

• tayoḥ: of the two (of them)
• tayoḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (षष्ठी) / Locative (सप्तमी) Dual (द्विवचन); here Genitive ‘of the two’

• tathā: thus/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) ‘thus/likewise’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

• anye: others
• anye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kecit: some
• kecit: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); indefinite ‘some’

• icchanti: desire/approve
• icchanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mānavāḥ: people/men
• mānavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• prāṅ-mukhān: east-facing
• prāṅ-mukhān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prāṅ (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘east-facing’

• daiva-saṅkalpān: divine intentions/offerings (for the gods)
• daiva-saṅkalpān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daiva (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅkalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘intentions/rites for the gods’

• paitryān: ancestral (pertaining to pitṛs)
• paitryān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paitrya (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying saṅkalpān

• kuryāt: should perform/make
• kuryāt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• udaṅ-mukhān: north-facing
• udaṅ-mukhān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udaṅ (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘north-facing’

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas
• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ritual directions
• Saṅkalpa
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Gṛhastha-dharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual discipline includes mindful orientation and clarity of intention (saṅkalpa). The verse teaches that dharma is not only action but also ordered intentionality—distinguishing divine and ancestral obligations.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not a direct pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit; it is ancillary dharma-śikṣā embedded in Purāṇic teaching, supporting the lived order that Purāṇas preserve across Manvantaras.

What is the esoteric significance?

Directional prescriptions can be read as aligning the practitioner’s inner faculties: ‘east’ as illumination/clarity for deva-intent, ‘north’ as ascent/ancestral continuity—linking personal practice to cosmic order (ṛta).