Shloka 15

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

सोऽप्यश्वमेकतो बद्ध्वा तामेवानुससार वै ।

विस्मयोत्फुल्लनयनो निःशङ्को नृपतेः सुतः ॥

Transliteration

so 'pyaśvamekato baddhvā tāmevānusasāra vai / vismayotphullanayano niḥ śaṅko nṛpateḥ sutaḥ

Translation

તે પણ પોતાનો ઘોડો એક બાજુ બાંધીને, આશ્ચર્યથી વિસ્તરેલી આંખો સાથે, માત્ર તેણીને જ અનુસર્યો; તે રાજપુત્ર નિર્ભય હતો।

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative Singular

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, particle (निपात) 'also/even'

• aśvam: horse
• aśvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative Singular

• ekataḥ: to one side
• ekataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ekatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) 'to one side/in one place'

• baddhvā: having tied
• baddhvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bandh (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा) from √bandh (बन्ध्) 'to bind/tie'; 'having tied'

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Feminine, Accusative Singular

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle (अवधारण)

• anusasāra: followed
• anusasāra: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sṛ (धातु)
• Form: Verb; लिट् (Perfect), 3rd person, Singular; Parasmaipada from √sṛ (सृ) with prefix anu-; 'followed'

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)

• vismaya-utphulla-nayanaḥ: with eyes widened in wonder
• vismaya-utphulla-nayanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vismaya + utphulla + nayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi; Masculine, Nominative Singular; 'one whose eyes are widened (utphulla) with astonishment (vismaya)'

• niḥśaṅkaḥ: fearless/without suspicion
• niḥśaṅkaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niḥśaṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular; 'free from doubt/fear'

• nṛpateḥ: of the king
• nṛpateḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular

• sutaḥ: son
• sutaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular

Speakers

• Narratorial (frame-speaker not identifiable from input alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Courage in the unknown
• Wonder (adbhuta)
• Following the mysterious guide

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Fearlessness paired with wonder is portrayed as the proper stance for entering the unknown: courage (abhaya) without arrogance, and openness to what exceeds prior understanding.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative (ākhyāna); it may support later dharma instruction or a revelation, but it is not itself sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Tying the horse (the vehicle of outward motion) and proceeding on foot can symbolize withdrawing from external propulsion and following an inner lead—transition from worldly agency to guided initiation.