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Shloka 51

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा रथं॑ हेममणिप्रकाशं श्वेताश्वयुक्ते वानरकेतुमुग्रम्‌ । द्रष्टा ममाप्यास्थितं केशवेन तदा तप्स्यत्यकृतात्मा स मन्द:

sañjaya uvāca | yadā rathaṁ hemamaṇiprakāśaṁ śvetāśvayukte vānaraketumugram | draṣṭā mamāpyāsthitaṁ keśavena tadā tapsyatyakṛtātmā sa mandaḥ ||

સંજય બોલ્યો—જ્યારે સોનાં અને મણિઓના પ્રકાશથી ઝગમગતો, ચાર શ્વેત અશ્વોથી જોડાયેલો, વાનરધ્વજાધારી મારો તે ઉગ્ર રથ—જેમાં કેશવ સ્વયં સારથિ બનીને સ્થિત હશે—અકૃતાત્મા મંદબુદ્ધિ દુર્યોધન જોશે, ત્યારે તે અંદરથી જ સંતપ્ત થઈ ઊઠશે।

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हेममणिप्रकाशम्shining with gold and gems
हेममणिप्रकाशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहेममणिप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्वेताश्वयुक्तेyoked with white horses
श्वेताश्वयुक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेताश्वयुक्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वानरकेतुम्having the monkey-banner (Hanumat as emblem)
वानरकेतुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवानरकेतु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce, formidable
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्रष्टाwill see
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormFuture (periphrastic), Third, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
आस्थितम्mounted/occupied
आस्थितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
केशवेनby Keshava (Krishna)
केशवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
तप्स्यतिwill be tormented / will burn (with grief)
तप्स्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormFuture, Third, Singular
अकृतात्माone of uncontrolled/undisciplined self
अकृतात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्दःdull-witted, foolish
मन्दः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Keśava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
D
Duryodhana
C
chariot
W
white horses
M
monkey-banner (Hanūmat emblem)

Educational Q&A

Lack of self-discipline (akṛtātmā) and pride make a person suffer when confronted with righteous strength and divine support; inner torment arises not from the opponent’s glory alone but from one’s own ethical failure and hardened ego.

Sañjaya foretells Duryodhana’s reaction: when he sees the splendid, fearsome chariot—yoked with white horses, bearing the monkey-emblem, and guided by Kṛṣṇa as charioteer—he will be inwardly scorched with distress and regret.