Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

Virūpākṣa’s Dāna and Gautama’s Burden — the approach of Rājadharma

भीष्म उवाच स्पृहा स्याद्‌ गर्हिता चैव विधित्सा चैव कर्मणाम्‌ | आक्रोष्टा क्रुश्यते चैव वज्चितो बुद्धयते स च

bhīṣma uvāca spṛhā syād garhitā caiva vidhitsā caiva karmaṇām | ākroṣṭā kruśyate caiva vañcito budhyate sa ca ||

ભીષ્મે કહ્યું—રાજન! જેના મનમાં નિંદનીય સ્પૃહા હોય અને જે અયોગ્ય કર્મો કરવા ઇચ્છે; જે બીજાને ગાળો આપે અને પોતે પણ ગાળો સાંભળે; અને જે પોતાને ભાગ્યથી વંચિત માની કડવો બની પાપ તરફ બુદ્ધિ વાળે—એ જ નૃશંસ સ્વભાવનું લક્ષણ છે.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्पृहाdesire, craving
स्पृहा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्पृहा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्may be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गर्हिताblameworthy, censured
गर्हिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्हित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विधित्साwish/intention to do (something)
विधित्सा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधित्सा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्मणाम्of actions/deeds
कर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
आक्रोष्टाone who abuses/insults
आक्रोष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआक्रोष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रुश्यतेis abused/insulted
क्रुश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootक्रुश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वञ्चितःdeceived, cheated
वञ्चितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवञ्चित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुध्यतेunderstands/realizes; thinks
बुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma identifies a moral downward spiral: blameworthy craving leads to intent for improper action; habitual abuse invites abuse; and a sense of being wronged or deprived fosters resentment that inclines one toward unethical conduct.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to the king, Bhishma continues a diagnostic description of ignoble dispositions and behaviors, outlining traits by which a person inclined to cruelty and wrongdoing can be recognized.