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Shloka 31

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

न चोद्योगेन बुद्धया वा रूपद्रव्येण वा पुन: । भेदाच्चैव प्रदानाच्च भिद्यन्ते रिपुभिर्गणा:

na codyogena buddhayā vā rūpadravyeṇa vā punaḥ | bhedāc caiva pradānāc ca bhidyante ripubhir gaṇāḥ ||

ભીષ્મે કહ્યું—જાતિ અને કુળમાં લોકો સમાન હોઈ શકે, પરંતુ ઉદ્યોગ, બુદ્ધિ તથા રૂપ-સંપત્તિમાં સૌ એકસરખા થઈ શકે નહીં. શત્રુઓ આ ભેદનો લાભ લઈ નાગરિકોમાં ફૂટની બુદ્ધિ ઊભી કરે છે અને કેટલાકને ધન આપી લાંચ આપી આખા સંઘને તોડી નાખે છે. તેથી ગણ માટે દૃઢ એકતા જ નાગરિકોનું મહાન આશ્રય અને બળ છે।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उद्योगेनby effort/enterprise
उद्योगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्योग
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
बुद्धयाby intellect
बुद्धया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
रूपद्रव्येणby beauty and wealth/property
रूपद्रव्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरूपद्रव्य
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
भेदात्from division/dissension
भेदात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रदानात्from giving (bribes)/bestowal
प्रदानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
Formneuter, ablative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भिद्यन्तेare split/are broken up
भिद्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
Formlat, atmanepada, third, plural, passive
रिपुभिःby enemies
रिपुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
गणाःgroups/assemblies (republics)
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
ripu (enemies)
G
gaṇa (republic/assembly)

Educational Q&A

Unity is the strongest protection for a republic or collective polity. Since people naturally differ in effort, intelligence, and wealth, enemies can exploit these differences through factionalism and bribery; therefore, maintaining solidarity is essential.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and social order, Bhishma advises about the vulnerabilities of a gaṇa (republic/assembly). He explains how adversaries destabilize such polities by creating internal divisions and buying off members.