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Shloka 48

कर्णेन युधिष्ठिरानीकविदारणम् / Karṇa’s Breach of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Battle-Line

कालो हि भगवान्‌ रुद्रस्तस्य संवत्सरो धनु: । तस्माद्‌ रौद्री कालरात्रिज्या कृता धनुषो&5जरा,भगवान्‌ रुद्र ही काल हैं, अत: कालका अवयवभूत संवत्सर ही उनका धनुष हुआ। कालरात्रि भी रुद्रका ही अंश है, अत: उसीको उन्होंने अपने धनुषकी अटूट प्रत्यंचा बना लिया

kālo hi bhagavān rudras tasya saṃvatsaro dhanuḥ | tasmād raudrī kālarātrijyā kṛtā dhanuṣo’jarā ||

ભગવાન રુદ્ર જ કાળ છે; તેથી કાળનો અવયવ—સંવત્સર—તેમનું ધનુષ બન્યું. અને કાલરાત્રિ પણ રુદ્રની જ રૌદ્રી શક્તિ છે; તેથી તેને તેમણે ધનુષની અજર, અખંડ પ્રત્યંચા બનાવી.

कालःTime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भगवान्the Blessed Lord
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रुद्रःRudra
रुद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
संवत्सरःyear
संवत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
रौद्रीRudra-related/terrible
रौद्री:
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कालरात्रिज्याthe bowstring named Kālarātri
कालरात्रिज्या:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकालरात्रिज्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कृताmade/formed
कृता:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
धनुषःof the bow
धनुषः:
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अजराunaging/undecaying (unbreakable)
अजरा:
TypeAdjective
Rootअजर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
R
Rudra
K
Kāla (Time)
S
Saṃvatsara (the Year)
K
Kālarātri
D
Dhanuḥ (bow)
J
Jyā (bowstring)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a theologically charged view of inevitability: Time itself is identified with Rudra, and the cycles of time (the year) become his weapon. It suggests that destruction in war can be seen as driven by a cosmic force, raising the ethical tension between human responsibility and the sense of fate.

Duryodhana invokes a terrifying cosmic imagery to interpret the unfolding battle: Rudra-as-Time is imagined as armed with a bow (the year) and an unbreakable bowstring (Kālarātri). The speech functions as a rhetorical intensification of the war’s inevitability and ferocity.