Shloka 11

Devanagari script

ततो रथेन शुभ्रेण समासाद्य तु कौरवान्‌ | यज्ञसेन: शरान्‌ घोरान्‌ ववर्ष युधि दुर्जय:

Transliteration

tato rathena śubhreṇa samāsādya tu kauravān | yajñasenaḥ śarān ghorān vavarṣa yudhi durjayaḥ ||

Translation

ત્યારબાદ યુદ્ધમાં દુર્જય યજ્ઞસેન (રાજા દ્રુપદ) તેજસ્વી રથ પર ચઢી કૌરવોની સામે જઈ પહોંચ્યા અને રણમાં ભયંકર બાણોની વર્ષા કરવા લાગ્યા।

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/thereupon')

• रथेन: by/with a chariot
• रथेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• शुभ्रेण: bright, white, shining
• शुभ्रेण: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular (agreeing with रथेन)

• समासाद्य: having approached
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√सद्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), active: 'having approached/reached'

• तु: but, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु
• Form: Avyaya

• कौरवान्: the Kauravas
• कौरवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौरव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• यज्ञसेनः: Yajñasena (Drupada)
• यज्ञसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शरान्: arrows
• शरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• घोरान्: terrible, dreadful
• घोरान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural (agreeing with शरान्)

• ववर्ष: rained down, showered
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृष्
• Form: Perfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• युधि: in battle
• युधि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युध्
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• दुर्जयः: hard to conquer
• दुर्जयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्जय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (agreeing with यज्ञसेनः)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Kauravas
• Yajñasena (Drupada)
• chariot (ratha)
• arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in its narrative form: a ruler renowned as 'durjaya' (hard to defeat) confronts opponents directly and employs measured martial action. Ethically, it reflects the epic’s recurring idea that, once battle is joined, a warrior’s duty is steadfastness and courage rather than retreat.

What is happening in the narrative?

Drupada (called Yajñasena) rides his shining chariot up to the Kaurava forces and begins a fierce assault, showering them with arrows, marking an intense escalation in the battlefield encounter.