Varaha Purana - Adhyaya 72
Varaha PuranaAdhyaya 7217 Shlokas

Adhyaya 72: Instruction on the Unity of the Triad (Brahmā-Viṣṇu-Rudra)

Trimūrti-aikya-nirdeśaḥ

Philosophical-Theology (Non-dual Triadic Hermeneutics)

Dans le cadre didactique du Varāha Purāṇa (Varāha enseigne à Pṛthivī), cet adhyāya présente un dialogue secondaire où Agastya interroge Rudra sur la primauté de Brahmā, Viṣṇu et Śiva selon les âges. Rudra répond en affirmant Viṣṇu comme paraṃ brahma, tout en expliquant que le langage des śāstra propose une articulation triple susceptible d’induire une différenciation sectaire. Le passage met l’accent sur des équivalences fonctionnelles et rituelles : noms divins, identifications védiques et structures du yajña convergent comme expressions d’une unique réalité. Il avertit que l’interprétation partisane (pakṣapāta) entraîne un tort éthique et sotériologique, tandis que la juste compréhension reconnaît l’unité de la divinité, du Veda et de l’acte rituel en un seul ensemble intégré.

Speakers

VarāhaPṛthivīAgastyaRudra

Key Concepts

trimūrti-aikya (unity of Brahmā–Viṣṇu–Rudra)paraṃ brahma and nāma-bheda (ultimate reality expressed through multiple divine names)Veda–yajña–devatā equivalence (ritual hermeneutics)pakṣapāta (sectarian bias) as a moral-intellectual erroryuga framing (Kṛta, Dvāpara) and shifting devotional rolesŚvetadvīpa as a mythic-sacred locus
Recitation with translationVaraha Purana Adhyaya 72

Shlokas in Adhyaya 72

Verse 1

श्रीवराह उवाच । सर्वज्ञं सर्वकर्त्तारं भवं रुद्रं पुरातनम् । प्रणम्य प्रयतोऽगस्त्यः पप्रच्छ परमेश्वरम् ॥ ७२.१ ॥

Śrī Varāha dit : S’étant prosterné avec une attention disciplinée, Agastya interrogea le Seigneur Suprême—Rudra l’antique, Bhava, l’omniscient et l’agent universel.

Verse 2

अगस्त्य उवाच । भवान् ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च त्रयमेतत् त्रयी स्मृता । दीपोऽग्निर्दोपसंयोगैः सर्वशास्त्रेषु सर्वतः ॥ ७२.२ ॥

Agastya dit : «Toi, Brahmā et Viṣṇu : cette triade est mémorisée comme la “Trayī” (la forme védique triple). De même qu’une lampe se manifeste par le feu lorsque ses éléments se conjoignent, ainsi ce principe est enseigné partout dans tous les śāstras.»

Verse 3

कस्मिन् प्रधानः भगवान् काले कस्मिन्नधोक्षजः । ब्रह्मा वा एतदाचक्ष्व मम देव त्रिलोचन ॥ ७२.३ ॥

«À quel moment le Seigneur Bienheureux est-il le principe primordial, et à quel moment l’est le Transcendant, Adhokṣaja ? Ô divinité aux trois yeux, dis-le-moi—comme Brahmā l’exposerait.»

Verse 4

रुद्र उवाच । विष्णुरेव परं ब्रह्म त्रिभेदमिह पठ्यते । वेदसिद्धान्तमार्गेषु तन्न जानन्ति मोहतः ॥ ७२.४ ॥

Rudra dit : «Viṣṇu seul est le Brahman suprême ; ici, on le récite comme comportant une distinction triple. Pourtant, par illusion, les hommes ne comprennent pas cette vérité sur les voies des conclusions établies des Veda.»

Verse 5

विषप्रवेशने धातुस्तत्र श्नु प्रत्ययादनु । विष्णुर्यः सर्वदेवेषु परमात्मा सनातनः ॥ ७२.५ ॥

La racine verbale (dhātu) se comprend au sens d’«entrer/pénétrer» (praveśana) ; là, selon le suffixe *śnu*. Celui qui est Viṣṇu—qui pénètre tous les dieux—est le Paramātman, le Soi suprême, éternel.

Verse 6

योऽयं विष्णुस्तु दशधा कीर्त्यते चैैकधा द्विजाः । स आदित्यो महाभाग योगैश्वर्यसमन्वितः ॥ ७२.६ ॥

Ô deux-fois-nés, ce Viṣṇu est glorifié de dix manières et aussi comme l’Unique Réalité. Il est Āditya (le Soleil), le très fortuné, pourvu de la souveraineté yogique (yoga-aiśvarya).

Verse 7

स देवकार्याणि सदा कुरुते परमेश्वरः । मनुष्यभावमाश्रित्य स मां स्तौति युगे युगे । लोकमार्गप्रवृत्त्यर्थं देवकार्यार्थसिद्धये ॥ ७२.७ ॥

Ce Seigneur Suprême accomplit sans cesse les œuvres des dieux. Prenant une condition humaine, il me loue d’âge en âge—afin de mettre en mouvement la voie du monde et d’achever les desseins de l’action divine.

Verse 8

अहं च वरदस्तस्य द्वापरे द्वापरे द्विज । अहं च तं सदा स्तौमि श्वेतद्वीपे कृते युगे ॥ ७२.८ ॥

Et moi, ô deux-fois-né, je fus aussi celui qui lui accorda des grâces dans l’âge Dvāpara—oui, dans le Dvāpara. Et dans l’âge Kṛta, sur Śvetadvīpa, je le loue sans cesse.

Verse 9

सृष्टिकाले चतुर्वक्त्रं स्तौमि कालो भवामि च । ब्रह्मा देवासुरा स्तौति मां सदा तु कृते युगे । लिङ्गमूर्तिं च मां देवा यजन्ते भोगकाङ्क्षिणः ॥ ७२.९ ॥

Au temps de la création, je loue le Quatre-Visages (Brahmā) et je deviens aussi Kāla (le Temps). Dans la Kṛta Yuga, Brahmā, avec les dieux et les asuras, me loue sans cesse. Et les dieux, désireux de jouissance, m’adorent sous la forme du Liṅga.

Verse 10

सहस्रशीर्षकं देवं मनसा तु मुमुक्षवः । यजन्ते यं स विश्वात्मा देवो नारायणः स्वयम् ॥ ७२.१० ॥

Ceux qui aspirent à la délivrance adorent par l’esprit cette divinité aux mille têtes ; il est l’Âme du monde—Nārāyaṇa lui-même.

Verse 11

ब्रह्मयज्ञेन ये नित्यं यजन्ते द्विजसत्तमाः । ते ब्रह्माणं प्रीणयन्ति वेदो ब्रह्मा प्रकीर्तितः ॥ ७२.११ ॥

Les meilleurs parmi les deux-fois-nés, qui accomplissent constamment le brahma-yajña, réjouissent Brahmā ; car le Veda est déclaré être Brahmā.

Verse 12

नारायणः शिवो विष्णुः शङ्करः पुरुषोत्तमः । एतैस्तु नामभिर्ब्रह्म परं प्रोक्तं सनातनम् । तं च चिन्तामयं योगं प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः ॥ ७२.१२ ॥

« (Il est) Nārāyaṇa, Śiva, Viṣṇu, Śaṅkara, la Personne Suprême. Par ces noms est énoncé le Brahman suprême et éternel ; et les sages décrivent cette réalité comme un yoga fait de conscience contemplative. »

Verse 13

पशूनां शमनं यज्ञे होमकर्म च यद्भवेत् । तदोमिति च विख्यातं तत्राहं संव्यवस्थितः ॥ ७२.१३ ॥

Cet acte qui, dans un sacrifice, devient l’apaisement des êtres et le rite de l’oblation (homa) est connu sous le nom de « Om » ; et c’est là que Je demeure fermement établi.

Verse 14

कर्मवेदयुजां विप्र ब्रह्मा विष्णुर्महेश्वरः । वयं त्रयोऽपि मन्त्राद्या नात्र कार्या विचारणा ॥ ७२.१४ ॥

Ô brāhmane, pour ceux qui joignent le Veda aux actes rituels, Brahmā, Viṣṇu et Maheśvara — nous trois — sommes véritablement les autorités présidantes, manifestées à commencer par le mantra ; en cela, nulle autre délibération n’est requise.

Verse 15

अहं विष्णुस्तथा वेदा ब्रह्म कर्माणि चाप्युत । एतत् त्रयं त्वेकमेव न पृथग्भावयेत् सुधीः ॥ ७२.१५ ॥

« Je suis Viṣṇu ; de même (sont) les Veda, le Brahman et aussi les actes rituels. Mais cette triade est en vérité une seule ; le sage ne doit pas la concevoir comme séparée. »

Verse 16

योऽन्यथा भावयेदेतत् पक्षपातेन सुव्रत । स याति नरकं घोरं रौरवं पापपूरुषः ॥ ७२.१६ ॥

Ô toi aux vœux excellents, quiconque, par parti pris, interprète cet enseignement autrement, ce pécheur ira dans l’effroyable enfer nommé Raurava.

Verse 17

अहं ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च ऋग्यजुः साम एव च । नैतस्मिन् भेदमस्यास्ति सर्वेषां द्विजसत्तम ॥ ७२.१७ ॥

«Je suis Brahmā, et je suis aussi Viṣṇu ; je suis également le Ṛg, le Yajus et le Sāma (Védas). En cela, il n’existe aucune différence, ô le meilleur des deux-fois-nés.»

Inside Adhyaya 72

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Within the overarching Varāha–Pṛthivī didactic frame, the text introduces a secondary dialogue: the sage Agastya approaches Rudra (addressed as Mahādeva/Trilocana) with a hermeneutic doubt about the relative primacy of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva across different ages (yugas).

  2. Central event

    Agastya’s inquiry prompts Rudra to explain how śāstric language and ritual idiom present a threefold articulation (trimūrti) that can be misread as ontological rivalry; Rudra clarifies that the Veda, yajña-structure, and devatā-names converge upon a single integrated reality, while also affirming Viṣṇu as paraṃ brahma in the chapter’s stated hierarchy.

  3. Climax resolution

    Rudra resolves the apparent contradiction by distinguishing ultimate reality from pedagogical/ritual naming: nāma-bheda and functional differentiation serve instruction and ritual order, but pakṣapāta (sectarian partiality) is condemned as a moral-intellectual error that harms interpretation and soteriological progress; correct vision recognizes unity among Brahmā–Viṣṇu–Rudra, Veda, and yajña as one framework.

Geographical context

Śvetadvīpa (mythic sacred island/region); no terrestrial river systems or cities are specified in this excerpt.

Tirtha focus

  • Primary TirthaŚvetadvīpa
  • Pilgrimage MeritMerit is framed primarily as jñāna-phala (right understanding) rather than a quantified tīrtha-phala; the chapter implies that non-sectarian comprehension of devatā–Veda–yajña unity is itself purifying and conducive to liberation-oriented merit.

Ritual instructions

  • Primary RitualHermeneutic discipline in worship (non-partisan stuti aligned with Veda–yajña–devatā unity)
  • BenefitRemoval of sectarian confusion, stabilization of dharmic interpretation, and soteriological uplift through recognition of trimūrti-aikya and Veda–yajña–devatā unity.

The narrative frame

  • Varāha (outer frame); Rudra (inner dialogue response)Pṛthivī (outer frame); Agastya (inner dialogue questioner) · Didactic, corrective, and anti-sectarian; simultaneously hierarchical (Viṣṇu as paraṃ brahma) and integrative (trimūrti unity).

The emotional journey

  • Dominant RasaŚānta
  • Emotional ProgressionFrom interpretive doubt and potential sectarian tension → clarification through scriptural-ritual hermeneutics → settled equanimity in non-partisan unity and right understanding.

Planning a pilgrimage

  • Visit FeasibilityŚvetadvīpa is a mythic-sacred locus rather than a reliably mappable terrestrial site; practical pilgrimage is best approached through symbolic observance (recitation, study, and non-sectarian worship) at local Viṣṇu/Śiva/Brahmā temples or at major confluence tīrthas.

Frequently Asked Questions

The text instructs that Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Rudra should not be treated as mutually opposed absolutes; instead, scriptural and ritual language expresses a single integrated reality. It frames sectarian partiality (pakṣapāta) as a cognitive-ethical error that distorts interpretation and undermines right understanding.

The chapter uses yuga markers rather than lunar/seasonal timing: it references Kṛta Yuga and Dvāpara Yuga to describe differing devotional roles and modes of praise (stuti). No tithi, nakṣatra, or seasonal calendrics are specified in this excerpt.

Direct ecological prescriptions are not explicit here; however, within the Varāha–Pṛthivī pedagogical frame, the chapter supports “terrestrial balance” indirectly by promoting non-partisan, integrative dharma: recognizing unity among deity, Veda, and yajña is presented as a stabilizing interpretive ethic that underwrites orderly social-ritual practice, which the Purāṇic worldview links to cosmic and terrestrial equilibrium.

Agastya is the named sage interlocutor who poses the inquiry, and Rudra (as Mahādeva/Trilocana in address) provides the response. No royal genealogies, dynastic lineages, or administrative figures appear in this excerpt.

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