मासः पक्षद्वयेनोक्तो द्वौ मासौ चार्कजावृतुः । ऋतुत्रयं चाप्ययनं द्वेयने वर्षमुच्यते
māsaḥ pakṣadvayenokto dvau māsau cārkajāvṛtuḥ | ṛtutrayaṃ cāpyayanaṃ dveyane varṣamucyate
On dit qu’un mois se compose de deux pakṣa ; deux mois forment une saison (ṛtu). Trois saisons constituent un ayana (demi-année) ; et deux ayana sont appelés une année.
Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) (deduced: Māheśvarakhaṇḍa context)
Scene: A sage instructs disciples with a palm-leaf calendar; behind them a cosmic wheel shows pakṣa, ṛtu, ayana, and varṣa as concentric rings, with sun and moon marking cycles.
Sacred observances are grounded in ordered time; the cosmos is approached through intelligible cycles.
None; this is a general calendar definition.
None directly; the framework underlies vrata and festival timing.