Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 25

Devanagari script

यः कुर्यात्प्रातरुत्थाय नमस्कारं दिनेदिने । अरुणाय ससूर्याय तस्य दुःखभयं कुतः

Transliteration

yaḥ kuryātprātarutthāya namaskāraṃ dinedine | aruṇāya sasūryāya tasya duḥkhabhayaṃ kutaḥ

Translation

Quiconque, se levantant au matin, offre jour après jour une salutation révérencieuse à Aruṇa avec le Soleil, comment la peine ou la crainte pourrait-elle l’atteindre ?

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्; सम्बन्धि-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• कुर्यात्: should do
• कुर्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• प्रातर्: in the morning
• प्रातर्: Kala-adhikarana (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातर् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (in the morning)

• उत्थाय: having risen
• उत्थाय: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत् + स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); पूर्वक्रिया (having risen)

• नमस्कारम्: salutation
• नमस्कारम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस्कार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्

• दिने: in (each) day
• दिने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/7th), एकवचनम्

• दिने: day by day
• दिने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/7th), एकवचनम्; पुनरुक्ति (idiom: ‘day by day’)

• अरुणाय: to Aruṇa
• अरुणाय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी-विभक्तिः (Dative/4th), एकवचनम्

• ससूर्याय: together with the Sun
• ससूर्याय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी-विभक्तिः (Dative/4th), एकवचनम्; ‘स’ उपसर्गवत् (with/along with)

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (Genitive/6th), एकवचनम्

• दुःखभयम्: sorrow and fear
• दुःखभयम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख + भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (दुःखं च भयं च)

• कुतः: from where? / how could there be?
• कुतः: Prashna (Interrogative/प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुतस् (अव्यय/प्रश्न)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययम् (interrogative adverb: ‘whence/how’)

Speaker

Skanda (deduced; verse is a general phalaśruti-style injunction within the narration)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Aruṇāditya (Kāśī)

Type: ghat

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A devotee rises at dawn, stands facing the eastern horizon, hands in añjali, offering salutations to Aruṇa and the Sun; the atmosphere conveys fearlessness and inner steadiness.

Characters & Entities

• Aruṇa
• Sūrya

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Daily reverence to the divine at sunrise cultivates protection, steadiness, and freedom from fear and grief.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

While the adhyāya is rooted in Kāśī’s Aruṇāditya tradition, this verse prescribes a universal daily sunrise practice.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Prātaḥkāla namaskāra—daily morning salutations to Aruṇa and Sūrya.