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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 5

कालतत्त्वनिर्णयः / Doctrine of Kāla (Time) and Its Subordination to Śiva

क एष भगवान् कालः कस्य वा वशवर्त्ययम् । क एवास्य वशे न स्यात्कथयैतद्विचक्षण

ka eṣa bhagavān kālaḥ kasya vā vaśavartyayam | ka evāsya vaśe na syātkathayaitadvicakṣaṇa

Ô sage, qui est donc ce Temps vénérable (Kāla) ? Sous la maîtrise de qui se meut-il ? Et qui, s’il en est, n’entre pas sous sa domination ? Dis-le clairement.

kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; interrogative pronoun
eṣaḥthis
eṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative pronoun
bhagavānthe Lord; venerable one
bhagavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
kālaḥTime
kālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
kasyaof whom?
kasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; interrogative
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; disjunctive/alternative particle (विकल्प)
vaśa-vartīsubject to control
vaśa-vartī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + vartin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; उपपद-तत्पुरुष ‘abiding in (someone’s) control’
ayamthis (one)
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative pronoun
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; interrogative
evaindeed; just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (अवधारण)
asyaof him/of this
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
vaśein (the) control
vaśe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle
syātwould be; might be
syāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Singular; parasmaipada
kathayatell; explain
kathaya:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkathaya (कथय, नामधातु from kathā)
FormLoṭ (लोट्, imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person), Singular; parasmaipada
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
vicakṣaṇaO discerning one
vicakṣaṇa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvicakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

A questioning sage (disciple) addressing a wise narrator in the Vāyavīyasaṃhitā discourse (within Sūta-style Purāṇic narration).

Tattva Level: pashu

Role: teaching

K
Kāla (Time)

FAQs

It frames a key Shaiva inquiry: the nature of Kāla as a power governing embodied existence, and the search for the Supreme principle (Pati/Śiva) who is ultimately beyond limitation and thus the ground of liberation.

By questioning who rules Time, the verse directs devotion toward the highest Lord who transcends temporal change; worship of the Liṅga as Saguna Śiva becomes a contemplative support to realize the timeless (beyond Kāla) reality of Śiva.

A practical takeaway is contemplative japa with the Panchākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) while reflecting that all change is governed by Kāla, and that refuge in Śiva leads beyond fear of time and death.