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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 19

पशुपाशपतिज्ञान-प्राप्तिः

Acquisition of Paśupati–Pāśa Knowledge

मुनय ऊचुः । केयं माया समा ख्याता किंरूपो मायया वृतः । मूलं कीदृक्कुतो वास्य किं शिवत्वं कुतश्शिवः

munaya ūcuḥ | keyaṃ māyā samā khyātā kiṃrūpo māyayā vṛtaḥ | mūlaṃ kīdṛkkuto vāsya kiṃ śivatvaṃ kutaśśivaḥ

Les sages dirent : «Qu’est donc cette Māyā dont on parle ? Quelle est sa nature, et qui est celui qu’elle enveloppe ? Quelle en est la racine, de quelle sorte est-elle, et d’où surgit-elle ? Et qu’est-ce que la “śivatva”, la condition de Śiva, et d’où Śiva est-il connu et réalisé ?»

munayaḥthe sages
munayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural
what?
:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; interrogative
iyamthis
iyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative
māyāMāyā
māyā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
samāsimilar / equal
samā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsamā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; adjective (विशेषण) meaning 'equal/like'
khyātāis known / is called
khyātā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootkhyā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
kimwhat? / of what kind?
kim:
Prakāra (प्रकार/प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; interrogative used adverbially
rūpaḥform / nature
rūpaḥ:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
māyayāby Māyā
māyayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
vṛtaḥcovered
vṛtaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
mūlamroot / source
mūlam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmūla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
kīdṛkof what kind?
kīdṛk:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkīdṛś (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInterrogative adjective (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण), indeclinable-like stem; agreeing with mūlam (neuter, sg) in sense
kutaḥfrom where?
kutaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान/उद्गम)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutaḥ (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्पार्थक निपात)
asyaof this / of him
asya:
Sambandha (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Singular; pronoun
kimwhat?
kim:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; interrogative
śivatvamŚiva-ness / auspicious state
śivatvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśivatva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; abstract noun (भाववाचक)
kutaḥfrom where?
kutaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutaḥ (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb
śivaḥŚiva
śivaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśiva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

Sages (Munis) of Naimisharanya

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Role: teaching

S
Shiva
M
Maya

FAQs

This verse frames the core Shaiva inquiry: how bondage (Māyā/Pāśa) operates, what its origin is, and how the soul can realize śivatva—union with Shiva as the Supreme Pati who grants liberation.

By questioning who is ‘covered by Māyā’ and what ‘Shivahood’ is, the sages prepare for teachings that Saguna worship—such as Linga-upāsanā—purifies the mind, loosens Māyā’s bonds, and leads toward the realization of Shiva beyond all coverings.

The implied practice is inquiry supported by Shiva-upāsanā: japa of the Panchākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with devotion, along with purificatory Shaiva disciplines (bhasma/tripuṇḍra and Rudrākṣa) to weaken Māyā and steady meditation on Shiva.