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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 8

कौशिकी-गौरी तथा शार्दूलरूप-निशाचरस्य पूर्वकर्मवर्णनम् | Kauśikī-Gaurī and Brahmā’s account of the tiger-formed niśācara

व्याघ्रमात्रेण सन्नेष दुष्टः को ऽपि निशाचरः । अनेन भक्षिता गावो ब्राह्मणाश्च तपोधनाः

vyāghramātreṇa sanneṣa duṣṭaḥ ko 'pi niśācaraḥ | anena bhakṣitā gāvo brāhmaṇāśca tapodhanāḥ

Il y a ici quelque démon nocturne, pervers, déguisé seulement sous la forme d’un tigre. Par lui, des vaches ont été dévorées, et même des brahmanes riches d’austérité ont été mangés.

vyāghra-mātreṇaby/with merely (being) a tiger
vyāghra-mātreṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāghra (प्रातिपदिक) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; तत्पुरुष (अवधारण): ‘only a tiger’/‘mere tiger(-like)’ + instrumental
sanneṣaḥhaving approached
sanneṣaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ni-ī (सम् + नि + इ धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; used adjectivally ‘approached/come near’
duṣṭaḥwicked
duṣṭaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifying niśācaraḥ
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; interrogative pronoun
apisome/any
api:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) indicating indefiniteness ‘even/also/any’
niśācaraḥnight-roamer (demon)
niśācaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootniśācara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
anenaby him/with this one
anena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
bhakṣitāḥwere eaten/devoured
bhakṣitāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhakṣ (भक्ष् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; agrees with gāvaḥ, brāhmaṇāḥ, tapodhanāḥ
gāvaḥcows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
brāhmaṇāḥBrahmins
brāhmaṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
tapodhanāḥascetics rich in austerity
tapodhanāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक) + dhana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; बहुव्रीहि: ‘whose wealth is austerity’ (तपो धनं येषाम्)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Shakti Form: Durgā

Role: destructive

B
Brahmins
C
Cows
N
Niśācara (demon)

FAQs

The verse highlights adharma as the violent disruption of sacred order—especially harm to cows and tapas-rich Brahmins—signaling a condition that calls for the restoring power of Pati (Shiva) over pasha-like forces of cruelty and delusion.

Such narratives frame Saguna Shiva as the protector of dharma: devotees take refuge in Shiva’s manifest grace (often symbolized by the Linga) when destructive, deceptive forces arise, affirming Shiva as the guardian who removes भय (fear) and restores right order.

A practical takeaway is protective japa of the Panchakshara mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya” with a dharmic resolve (ahiṃsā and protection of the vulnerable); if performed on Mahāśivarātri, it is traditionally paired with simple abhiṣeka and prayer for removal of negative influences.