Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

Kālajñāna (Knowledge of Time) and Mṛtyu-cihna (Signs of Death): Śiva’s Instruction to Umā

शिरोहीनां यदा छायां स्वकीयामुपलक्षयेत् । अथवा छायया हीनं मासमेकं न जीवति

śirohīnāṃ yadā chāyāṃ svakīyāmupalakṣayet | athavā chāyayā hīnaṃ māsamekaṃ na jīvati

Lorsque l’on aperçoit sa propre ombre sans tête, ou lorsque l’on se trouve privé d’ombre, on ne vit pas même un seul mois.

शिरःहीनानाम्of the headless (persons)
शिरःहीनानाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootशिरस् + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन (Plural); बहुव्रीह्यर्थे ‘शिरोहीनाः’ (headless persons) इत्यस्य षष्ठी बहुवचन
यदाwhen
यदा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (when)
छायाम्shadow
छायाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootछाया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन (Singular)
स्वकीयाम्one’s own
स्वकीयाम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वकीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘छायाम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
उपलक्षयेत्should observe/notice
उपलक्षयेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउप + लक्ष् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
अथवाor
अथवा:
Samuccaya/Vikalpa (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
छाययाby/with shadow
छायया:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootछाया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन (Singular)
हीनम्devoid (of)
हीनम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘मासम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (deprived of)
मासम्a month
मासम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन (Singular); कालपरिमाणम्
एकम्one
एकम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘मासम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
not
:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva Purana teachings to the sages, Umāsaṃhitā context)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Cosmic Event: nimitta-śāstra style omen: shadow anomalies as impending death

FAQs

It underscores bodily impermanence and the certainty of time (kāla), urging the seeker to turn from fear and omens toward steady Shiva-bhakti and inner purity, since the Self’s refuge is Pati (Shiva), not the perishing body.

As a warning of life’s fragility, it indirectly presses the devotee to take shelter in Saguna Shiva—worshiping the Shiva-Linga with devotion—so that the mind becomes anchored in Shiva rather than anxious about external signs.

A practical takeaway is daily Panchakshara japa ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya") with calm remembrance of Shiva, along with simple Shaiva observances such as Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and devotion-centered conduct to stabilize the mind in the face of mortality.