Rig Veda 3.31.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (Kauśika) (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 3; hymn 3.31 often associated with Viśvāmitra’s circle)

Devata: Agni (with esoteric family/cosmic relations imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

शासद्वह्निर्दुहितुर्नप्त्यं गाद्विद्वाँ ऋतस्य दीधितिं सपर्यन् । पिता यत्र दुहितुः सेकमृञ्जन्त्सं शग्म्येन मनसा दधन्वे ॥

Transliteration

śā́sād váhniḥ duhitúr náptyaṃ gād vidvā́n ṛtásya dī́dhitiṃ saparyán | pitā́ yátra duhitúḥ sékam ṛñján sám śagmyéna mánasā dádhanve ||

Translation

Sur l’ordre, le porteur de flamme s’avança vers la parenté de la Fille, connaissant la pensée lumineuse du Ṛta et la servant. Là où le Père, colorant l’effusion de la Fille, ils s’unissent d’un esprit accordé.

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Word by Word

• शासत्: he ruled / commanded
• शासत्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शास्

• वह्निः: the bearer; Agni (as carrier)
• वह्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुहितुः: of the daughter
• दुहितुः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• नप्त्यम्: the grandson / descendant
• नप्त्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नप्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• गात्: he went / came
• गात्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्

• विद्वान्: knowing, wise
• विद्वान्: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद् → विद्वस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order / truth)
• ऋतस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• दीधितिम्: the shining thought / illumination
• दीधितिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दीधिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• सपर्यन्: worshipping, serving
• सपर्यन्: Kartṛ (concomitant action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सपर्य्

• पिता: the father
• पिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikaraṇa (place/setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)

• दुहितुः: of the daughter
• दुहितुः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• सेकम्: sprinkling; seed/seminal flow
• सेकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेक (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋञ्जन्त्: anointing, smearing
• ऋञ्जन्त्: Kartā (concomitant action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ऋञ्ज्

• सम्: together, fully
• सम्: Upasarga (verbal modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• शग्म्येन: with vigorous/efficient (power)
• शग्म्येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शग्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनसा: with mind, by intention
• मनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दधन्वे: the two set in motion / strove / directed themselves
• दधन्वे: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धन्/धन्व् (Vedic; ‘to set in motion/urge/strive’, with reduplication द-धन्)