Rig Veda Sukta 23
Mandala 3Sukta 235 Mantras

Sukta 23

Sukta 3.23

Rishi

Viśvāmitra Gāthina (RV 3.23)

Devata

Agni Jātavedas

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm by metrical scan)

Ce bref hymne à Agni loue Jātavedas comme le prêtre du sacrifice, fraîchement allumé et solidement établi, qui apporte « l’immortalité » au siège rituel. Il décrit la naissance d’Agni par le frottement et l’allumage, sa joie parmi les Mères (les bois d’allumage/les eaux), et le prie d’accorder à l’adorateur une abondance inspirée par Iḷā, du bétail/de l’éclat et une descendance vigoureuse.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.23

Mantras

Mantra 1

निर्मथितः सुधित आ सधस्थे युवा कविरध्वरस्य प्रणेता । जूर्यत्स्वग्निरजरो वनेष्वत्रा दधे अमृतं जातवेदाः ॥

Frotté au feu et solidement établi, il vient au siège du rite; le jeune voyant, guide de la marche sacrificielle. Dans les bois qui croissent, l’Agni sans vieillesse — Jātavedas — a déposé ici l’immortalité.

Mantra 2

अमन्थिष्टां भारता रेवदग्निं देवश्रवा देववातः सुदक्षम् । अग्ने वि पश्य बृहताभि रायेषां नो नेता भवतादनु द्यून् ॥

Les Bhārata ont fait naître par friction l’Agni rayonnant — Devaśravas, Devavāta — habile dans l’œuvre. Ô Agni, regarde au loin avec le Vaste; sois notre guide vers ces plénitudes, jour après jour.

Mantra 3

दश क्षिपः पूर्व्यं सीमजीजनन्त्सुजातं मातृषु प्रियम् । अग्निं स्तुहि दैववातं देवश्रवो यो जनानामसद्वशी ॥

Dix rapides attisements l’ont mis au monde — l’Ancien, bien né, cher parmi les Mères. Loue Agni, ô Devaśravas, l’inspiré des dieux, qui siège en maître des peuples.

Mantra 4

नि त्वा दधे वर आ पृथिव्या इळायास्पदे सुदिनत्वे अह्नाम् । दृषद्वत्यां मानुष आपयायां सरस्वत्यां रेवदग्ने दिदीहि ॥

Je te dépose au lieu choisi sur la Terre, au siège d’Iḷā, pour la claire félicité des jours. Dans la Dṛṣadvatī, au domaine des hommes, dans l’Āpayā, dans la Sarasvatī — resplendis, ô Agni rayonnant.

Mantra 5

इळामग्ने पुरुदंसं सनिं गोः शश्वत्तमं हवमानाय साध । स्यान्नः सूनुस्तनयो विजावाग्ने सा ते सुमतिर्भूत्वस्मे ॥

Ô Agni, accomplis pour celui qui t’invoque l’Iḷā — riche de claire intelligence, riche de multiples œuvres — et la conquête toujours durable des Rayons (go). Qu’il y ait pour nous un fils, un enfant, victorieux dans les naissances et la croissance. Que cela soit pour nous ta grâce au cœur heureux.

Inside Sukta 23

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is brought forth by churning and established at the ritual seat as the youthful seer who leads the sacrifice.

  2. Development

    His perennial presence is affirmed—unaging in the woods—while his birth through the ‘Mothers’ and swift kindlings is praised, showing both mystery and method of kindling.

  3. Climax

    Jātavedas ‘places amṛta’ in the rite: the central revelation that the properly kindled fire confers deathless power/continuity through ṛta.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn turns to practical boons—Iḷā-like inspired prosperity, enduring gain of ‘go’ (cattle/rays), and victorious offspring—ending in a request for Agni’s benevolent mind (sumati).

The deity: Agni Jātavedas

  • In the VedaAgni is the “young seer” and “leader of the adhvara,” born by churning and kindling, beloved among the Mothers, unaging in the woods, and the one who “knows all births” (jātavedas). He is installed at the sadhasthe (ritual seat) as the mouth of the offering and the carrier of oblations to the gods.
  • Cosmic functionMediator between worlds—he conveys offerings upward, draws divine powers downward, and maintains ṛta by sustaining the sacrificial exchange that nourishes gods and humans.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened will and luminous intelligence in the practitioner: the inner fire that digests experience, purifies intention, and converts mortal striving into ‘amṛta’—a stable, deathless clarity of being.

The seer

  • Viśvāmitra GāthinaGāthin / Kauśika lineage (Viśvāmitra clan) · A royal-turned-seer credited with powerful Agni and Indra hymns and with shaping key Vedic prayer-forms; celebrated for transforming kṣatriya energy into brahma-tejas (seerly power).

Famous verses

amṛtaṃ jātavedāḥ
Verse 3.23.1Defines Agni’s ritual birth and priestly identity (kavi, praṇetā) and states the hymn’s core claim that Jātavedas establishes ‘amṛta’ within the sacrificial seat.Read verse 3.23.1 →
दश क्षिपः पूर्व्यं सीमजीजनन्त्सुजातं मातृषु प्रियम् । अग्निं स्तुहि दैववातं देवश्रवो यो जनानामसद्वशी ॥
Verse 3.23.3Highlights the traditional kindling imagery—‘ten swift kindlings’ and the ‘Mothers’—and portrays Agni as the settled master among the peoples, linking household fire to social order.Read verse 3.23.3 →
sā te sumatir bhūtv asme
Verse 3.23.5The principal petition: asks Agni to accomplish Iḷā-inspired abundance and enduring ‘go’ (cattle/radiance) and to grant strong progeny, concluding with the request for his sumati (grace).Read verse 3.23.5 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Jātavedas (knower of all births/origins)
  • Kavi (seer-poet intelligence)
  • Hotṛ/adhvaryu-like guide of the rite (praṇetā of adhvara)
  • Unaging (ajara) though ever newly kindled
  • Giver of amṛta (immortality/nectar) in the rite
  • Beloved among the Mothers (mātṛṣu priyam)

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 3 (many sūktas attributed to Viśvāmitra and his line)
  • Agni and Indra hymns emphasizing the priestly function of fire and the victory-giving force of mantra
  • Later Vedic-Itihāsa tradition associates him with foundational gāyatrī/solar prayer currents (traditional attribution)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar/seat (sadhasthe) and arrange kindling-sticks (samidh) as the ‘Mothers’.
  • Churn or ignite the fire (nirmathitaḥ), then ‘well-found’ it—steady the flame and place it correctly in the hearth.
  • Recite praise identifying Agni as kavi and praṇetā, asking him to take the lead of the sacrifice.
  • Offer oblations while invoking Jātavedas to place amṛta (deathless strength/clarity) in the rite and in the sacrificer.
  • Conclude with petitions for Iḷā (inspired insight/prosperity), cattle/rays (go), and strong offspring (sūnu/tanaya), sealing the rite with Agni’s sumati (gracious favor).

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya)
  • Kindling-sticks (samidh)
  • Grain/oblations as appropriate to the iṣṭi (e.g., puroḍāśa in context)

Frequently Asked Questions

The hymn praises Agni as Jātavedas—Fire who “knows all births”—the priestly power that leads the sacrifice and carries offerings to the gods.

It means the rightly kindled sacred fire brings a deathless, enduring vitality—clarity, strength, and continuity—into the worship and into the sacrificer’s life.

The worshipper asks for Iḷā-like inspired prosperity, lasting gain of ‘go’ (cattle or radiant powers), and a strong, victorious child, all through Agni’s gracious favor (sumati).

Ask anything about Sukta 23 of the Rig Veda

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