Shloka 1

Mahāpārśva-vadhaḥ — The Slaying of Mahāpārśva

Angada’s Counterstrike

Devanagari script

महोदरेतुनिहतेमहापार्श्वोमहाबलः ।सुग्रीवेणसमीक्ष्याथक्रोधात्सम्ररक्तलोचनः ।।।।अङ्गदस्यचमूंभीमांक्षोभयामाससायकैः ।

Transliteration

mahodare tu nihate mahāpārśvo mahābalaḥ |

sugrīveṇa samīkṣyātha krodhāt saṃraktalocanaḥ ||6.99.1||

aṅgadasya camūṃ bhīmāṃ kṣobhayām āsa sāyakaiḥ |

Translation

Lorsque Mahodara eut été terrassé, le puissant Mahāpārśva, voyant que Sugrīva en était l’auteur, les yeux rougis par la colère, bouleversa de ses flèches la redoutable armée d’Aṅgada.

Word by Word

• महोदरे: in/when Mahodara
• महोदरे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महोदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; proper noun

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), adversative/emphatic

• निहते: when (he was) slain
• निहते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-हन् (धातु) + निहत (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular, Masculine; agreeing with महोदरे

• महापार्श्वः: Mahāpārśva
• महापार्श्वः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महापार्श्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; proper noun

• महाबलः: mighty
• महाबलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारय: महत् + बल (great + strength) qualifying महापार्श्वः

• सुग्रीवेण: by Sugrīva
• सुग्रीवेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• समīkṣya: having looked at/observed
• समīkṣya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-ईक्ष् (धातु) + समीक्ष्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, ल्यप्), indeclinable; prior action

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/adverb (निपात) indicating sequence

• क्रोधात्: from anger
• क्रोधात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; cause/source

• सम्रक्तलोचनः: with reddened eyes
• सम्रक्तलोचनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्रक्त-लोचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: सम्रक्तं लोचनं यस्य (eyes reddened) qualifying महापार्श्वः

• अङ्गदस्य: of Aṅgada
• अङ्गदस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• चमूम्: army/troops
• चमूम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• भीमाम्: terrible
• भीमाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agreeing with चमूम्

• क्षोभयामास: caused to be shaken/disturbed
• क्षोभयामास: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षुभ् (धातु)
• Form: Causative (णिच्) stem क्षोभय-; Perfect-like periphrastic past (लिट्/परस्मैपद usage in epic), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

• सायकैः: with arrows
• सायकैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सायक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural

Context

Gazing at Mahodara killed by Sugriva, mighty Mahaparsva's eyes turned red in anger. He created a commotion in the army of Angada.

Characters & Entities

• Mahodara
• Mahāpārśva
• Sugrīva
• Angada
• Arrows (sāyaka)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse warns how grief and anger rapidly turn into further violence; dharma calls for restraint and discernment, especially after loss.

What is the narrative situation?

After Mahodara is killed by Sugrīva, Mahāpārśva becomes enraged and retaliates by disrupting Angada’s forces with arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

From a moral lens, the highlighted trait is uncontrolled krodha; narratively, Mahāpārśva’s fierce retaliatory drive is foregrounded.