Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 8, Shloka 19

युद्धकाण्डे अष्टमः सर्गः — राक्षससभा-युद्धपरामर्शः

War-Council Boasts and Stratagems

Devanagari script

कौम्भकर्णिस्ततोवीरोनिकुम्भोनामवीर्यवान् ।अब्रवीत्परमक्रुद्धोरावणंलोकरावणम् ।।6.8.19।।

Transliteration

kaumbhakarṇis tato vīro nikumbho nāma vīryavān |

abravīt paramakruddho rāvaṇaṃ lokarāvaṇam ||6.8.19||

Translation

Alors Nikumbha, héros vaillant, fils de Kumbhakarṇa, saisi d’une colère extrême, s’adressa à Rāvaṇa, celui qui fait gémir le monde.

Word by Word

• कौम्भकर्णिः: Kaumbhakarni (son/descendant of Kumbhakarna)
• कौम्भकर्णिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौम्भकर्णि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Temporal adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/अनन्तरार्थक अव्यय (temporal adverb: thereafter)

• वीरः: hero
• वीरः: कर्ता (apposition to subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• निकुम्भः: Nikumbha
• निकुम्भः: कर्ता (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निकुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• नाम: by name
• नाम: सम्बन्ध (naming particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; नामार्थक निपात (particle: 'by name/called')

• वीर्यवान्: valiant, powerful
• वीर्यवान्: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of निकुम्भः/कौम्भकर्णिः)

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लुङ्-लकार (Aorist/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• परमक्रुद्धः: highly enraged
• परमक्रुद्धः: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of speaker)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम + क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; कृदन्त-भूतकृदन्त (past participle) 'क्रुद्ध'; कर्मधारय-समास (परमः क्रुद्धः)

• रावणम्: Ravana
• रावणम्: सम्प्रदान/कर्म-प्रति (addressee; object of speech)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• लोकरावणम्: world-tormentor (one who makes the world cry)
• लोकरावणम्: सम्बोधन-विशेषण (epithet of addressee)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक + रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (लोकस्य रावणः = 'one who makes the world cry/torments the world')

Context

"Even Devas, Danavas, Gandharvas, Devils, birds, and serpents, cannot face you in war. What to say of Vanaras?"

Characters & Entities

• Nikumbha
• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse introduces counsel driven by anger; dharma cautions that krodha (wrath) clouds discernment and leads to destructive decisions.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration marks the moment when Nikumbha steps forward, enraged, to address Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial valor is noted, but the emphasis is on anger as a dominant trait—presented as a destabilizing force rather than a virtue.