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Shloka 3

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

सङ् ख्येप्रहस्तंनिहतंनिशम्यशोकार्दितःक्रोधपरीतचेताः ।उवाचतान्राक्षसयूथमुख्यानिन्द्रोयथानिर्जरयोथमुख्यान् ।।6.59.3।।

saṅkhye prahastaṃ nihataṃ niśamya śokārditaḥ krodha-parīta-cetāḥ |

uvāca tān rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyān indro yathā nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān ||6.59.3||

Apprenant que Prahasta avait été tué au combat, lui—frappé de chagrin et l’esprit envahi de colère—s’adressa aux chefs éminents des cohortes rākṣasas, comme Indra s’adresse aux chefs des troupes immortelles.

saṅkhyein battle
saṅkhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṅkhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in battle’
prahastamPrahastha
prahastam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprahasta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
nihatamslain
nihatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roothan (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with prahastam
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-śam (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund): ‘having heard/learnt’
śokārditaḥafflicted with grief
śokārditaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootśoka + ardita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘afflicted by grief’; ardita = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त from √ard
krodha-parīta-cetāḥwith mind overcome by anger
krodha-parīta-cetāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrodha + parīta + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘whose mind is enveloped by anger’; parīta = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त from √i (pari-√i)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
tānto those
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyānthe chiefs of rākṣasa troops
rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa + yūtha + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘chiefs of rākṣasa troops’
indraḥIndra
indraḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; upamāna (standard of comparison)
yathāas
yathā:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (comparative particle): ‘as/like’
nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān(to) the chiefs of the gods’ troops
nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān:
Upameya-anuyoga (उपमेयानुयोग)
TypeNoun
Rootnirjara + yūtha + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘chiefs of the troops of gods’

Even as Rakshasas revealed about Prahastha's death, tormented by grief and anger Ravana spoke to Rakshasa troops just as Indra spoke to celestial troops.

P
Prahasta
R
Rāvaṇa (implied 'he')
I
Indra

FAQs

Unrestrained anger (krodha) clouding judgment is a recurring warning in dharma literature; grief and rage can drive leaders toward destructive, adharmic choices.

After Prahasta is killed, Rāvaṇa reacts emotionally and rallies/addresses his commanders for the next phase of battle.

By contrast, the implied virtue is self-mastery: dharmic leadership requires control over grief and anger, especially in crisis.