Shloka 7

चतुश्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 44): निशायुद्धम्, धूलिरुधिरप्रवाहः, इन्द्रजितो मायायुद्धम्

Devanagari script

तेहयान् काञ्चनापीडान् ध्वजांश्चाशीविषोपमान् ।आप्लुत्यदशनैस्तीक्ष्णैर्भीमकोपाव्यदारयन् ।।।।वानराबलिनोयुद्धेऽक्षोभयन् राक्षसींचमूम् ।

Transliteration

te hayān kāñcanāpīḍān dhvajāṃś cāśīviṣopamān |

āplutya daśanais tīkṣṇair bhīmakopā vyadārayan ||

vānarā balino yuddhe 'kṣobhayann rākṣasīṃ camūm ||

Translation

Alors les puissants Vānara, terribles dans leur courroux, bondirent sur les chevaux aux parures d’or et sur les étendards pareils à des serpents venimeux ; de leurs dents acérées ils les déchirèrent, jetant le tumulte dans les rangs des Rākṣasa au cœur du combat.

Word by Word

• ते: those
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; pronoun, Nominative plural

• हयान्: horses
• हयान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Accusative plural

• काञ्चन-आपीडान्: gold-ornamented (horses)
• काञ्चन-आपीडान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāñcana (प्रातिपदिक) + āpīḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास: काञ्चनाः आपीडाः येषां ते (golden-crested/ornamented); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; qualifying हयान्

• ध्वजान्: banners/standards
• ध्वजान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhvaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Accusative plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• आशीविष-उपमान्: like venomous serpents
• आशीविष-उपमान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āśīviṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (उपमान-समास: आशीविष इव उपमाः); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; qualifying ध्वजान्/हयान्

• आप्लुत्य: leaping onto
• आप्लुत्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√plu (प्लु धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव; having leapt upon

• दशनैः: with teeth
• दशनैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• तीक्ष्णैः: sharp
• तीक्ष्णैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīkṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural; qualifying दशनैः

• भीम-कोपाः: terribly enraged (ones)
• भीम-कोपाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + kopa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास: भीमः कोपः येषां ते; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• व्यदारयन्: tore apart, split
• व्यदारयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√dṛ (दॄ/दर् धातु ‘to split’)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; imperfect, 3rd person plural; parasmaipada

• वानराः: monkeys, vanaras
• वानराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• बलिनः: strong
• बलिनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural; qualifying वानराः

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular

• अक्षोभयन्: shook, agitated
• अक्षोभयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: a-√kṣubh (क्षुभ् धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; imperfect, 3rd person plural; parasmaipada; causative sense ‘made to tremble’ is also possible by context

• राक्षसीम्: rakshasa (belonging to rakshasas)
• राक्षसीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rākṣasī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular; qualifying चमूम्

• चमूम्: army
• चमूम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: camū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular

Context

Then the Vanaras beheld the two brothers, tigers among men bound forcibly by the angry Rakshasas like venomous monkeys.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Rākṣasa army (camū)
• Horses

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in warfare includes protecting one’s side against aggression; the vānaras’ fierce counterattack is portrayed as resistance to hostile force rather than wanton harm.

What is the narrative situation?

In the night battle, vānaras leap onto enemy horses and banners, ripping them apart and destabilizing the rākṣasa formation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and resolve (śaurya, utsāha): the vānaras act decisively despite darkness and danger.