Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 36, Shloka 2

बालकाण्ड सर्ग ३६

गङ्गा-प्रभवप्रश्नः, शिवतेजोधारणं, कार्त्तिकेय-जन्म, उमाशापः

Devanagari script

धर्मयुक्तमिदं ब्रह्मन् कथितं परमं त्वया ।दुहितुश्शैलराजस्य ज्येष्ठाया वक्तुमर्हसि।।।।विस्तरं विस्तरज्ञोऽसि दिव्यमानुषसम्भवम्।

Transliteration

dharmayuktam idaṁ brahman kathitaṁ paramaṁ tvayā |

duhituḥ śailarājasya jyeṣṭhāyā vaktum arhasi ||

vistaraṁ vistarajño ’si divyamānuṣasambhavam |

Translation

Ô brahmane-sage, tu as exposé ce récit suprême, conforme au dharma. Puisque tu en connais les détails, daigne raconter au long l’histoire de l’aînée des filles du Seigneur des Montagnes, et ce qui advint parmi les dieux et les hommes.

Word by Word

• धर्मयुक्तम्: endowed with righteousness
• धर्मयुक्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma + yukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (तत्पुरुष): dharmeṇa yuktaṃ (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष). Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying इदम्

• इदम्: this (account)
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ब्रह्मन्: O Brahman-sage
• ब्रह्मन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• कथितम्: told / narrated
• कथितम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kath (धातु)
• Form: Kta-participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicative with इदम्

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective (विशेषण), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying इदम्

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Kartr̥-karaṇa (कर्ता-करण/Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• दुहितुः: of the daughter
• दुहितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duhitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• शैलराजस्य: of the king of mountains (Himavān)
• शैलराजस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (तत्पुरुष): śailānāṃ rājā (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष). Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• ज्येष्ठायाः: of the eldest
• ज्येष्ठायाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jyeṣṭhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective used substantively (विशेषण-प्राय), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with दुहितुः

• वक्तुम्: to tell
• वक्तुम्: Prayojana / Kriyārtha (प्रयोजन/क्रियार्थ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)

• अर्हसि: you are able / you ought
• अर्हसि: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• विस्तरम्: in detail / the detail
• विस्तरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vistara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); object of वक्तुम् (understood)

• विस्तरज्ञः: knower of details
• विस्तरज्ञः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vistara + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (तत्पुरुष): vistarasya jñaḥ (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष). Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• असि: you are
• असि: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• दिव्यमानुषसम्भवम्: the occurrence involving divine and human realms
• दिव्यमानुषसम्भवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divya + mānuṣa + sambhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (तत्पुरुष) (multi-member): divye ca mānuṣe ca (locative sense) sambhavaḥ; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying/denoting the account to be told

Context

"O Brahman! sage, this excellent story set in righteousness has been narrated by you.Since you are conversant with the details, you can befittingly tell the story in detail, pertaining to the eldest daughter of king of the mountains and the events that happened in the celestial and mortal worlds

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Viśvāmitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is respectful inquiry and learning: a seeker honors the teacher and requests fuller truth for right understanding.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma requests Viśvāmitra to narrate in detail the account connected with Himavān’s eldest daughter (Umā) and its divine-human ramifications.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śraddhā and vinaya—Rāma’s humility and earnest desire to learn dharmic history (itihāsa).