Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 77, Shloka 19

और्ध्वदैहिकक्रिया-शोकविलापः

Obsequies for Daśaratha and the Brothers’ Lament

Devanagari script

तयोर्विलपितं श्रुत्वा व्यसनं चान्ववेक्ष्य तत्।।।।भृशमार्ततरा भूयस्सर्वएवानुगामिनः।

Transliteration

tayor vilapitaṃ śrutvā vyasanaṃ cānvavekṣya tat | bhṛśam ārtatarā bhūyaḥ sarva evānugāminaḥ ||

Translation

Entendant les lamentations des deux frères et considérant ce malheur, tous les compagnons furent de nouveau saisis d’une détresse plus intense encore.

Word by Word

• tayoḥ: of the two (of them)
• tayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive), Dvivacana (Dual/द्विवचन)

• vilapitam: lamentation
• vilapitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √lap (लप्) (धातु)
• Form: Kta (past participle/क्त), Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; 'lamentation' as verbal noun

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (श्रु) (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā (absolutive/क्त्वा)

• vyasanam: calamity, misfortune
• vyasanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyasana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• anvavekṣya: having reflected upon
• anvavekṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu + √īkṣ (ईक्ष्) (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-lyap (absolutive/ल्यप्) form: -ya; 'having considered/observed'

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; refers to vyasanam

• bhṛśam: exceedingly
• bhṛśam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhṛśam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• ārtatarāḥ: more distressed
• ārtatarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ārta-tara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; comparative (tara) of ārta

• bhūyaḥ: again, further
• bhūyaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (punar/again)

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; used substantively

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Prayojaka (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-avyaya (emphatic particle/अवधारण)

• anugāminaḥ: attendants, followers
• anugāminaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anugāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agent noun (one who follows)

Context

During the shraddha ceremony (obsequies) Bharata bestowed on brahmins precious stones, wealth, large quantities of rice, highly valuable garments and various gems.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śatrughna

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is reflected as compassion and shared responsibility—those who serve righteous leaders also share in their suffering and support.

What is the narrative situation?

After Bharata and Śatrughna lament, the surrounding retinue is moved to renewed anguish.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The attendants’ empathy and loyalty, mirroring the household’s collective mourning.