Valmiki Ramayana 2.45.33: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 33

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

ततः सुमन्त्रोऽपि रथाद्विमुच्यश्रान्तान्हयान्सम्परिवर्त्य शीघ्रम्।पीतोदकांस्तोयपरिप्लुताङ्गानचारयद्वै तमसाविदूरे।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.45.33

Transliteration

tataḥ sumantro 'pi rathād vimucya śrāntān hayān samparivartya śīghram |

pītodakāṃs toya-pariplutāṅgān acārayad vai tamasāvidūre ||

Translation

Alors Sumantra, lui aussi, détela du char les chevaux épuisés, et promptement les fit se rouler et se reposer. Après leur avoir donné à boire et avoir baigné leurs membres, il les lâcha paître non loin de la rivière Tamasā.

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Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• sumantraḥ: Sumantra
• sumantraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sumantra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha-bodhaka (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; nipāta (particle) 'also'

• rathāt: from the chariot
• rathāt: Apādāna (अपादान/Ablative source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Pañcamī (Ablative/5th), Ekavacana (Singular)

• vimucya: having unyoked
• vimucya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√muc (धातु)
• Form: Ktvānta (absolutive/gerund) indeclinable; 'having released/unharnessed'

• śrāntān: tired
• śrāntān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śrānta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• hayān: horses
• hayān: Karma (कर्म/Object) (of actions: samparivartya, acārayat)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• samparivartya: having made them roll/turn about
• samparivartya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sampari√vṛt (धातु)
• Form: Ktvānta (absolutive/gerund) indeclinable; 'having made (them) roll/turn about, having let them relax'

• śīghram: quickly
• śīghram: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śīghra (प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
• Form: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial accusative)

• pīta-udakān: having drunk water
• pīta-udakān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pīta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural); samāsa: pītam udakam yeṣām (having drunk water / made to drink water)

• toya-paripluta-aṅgān: with limbs drenched in water
• toya-paripluta-aṅgān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of hayān
• Type: Adjective
• Root: toya (प्रातिपदिक) + paripluta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Bahuvacana (Plural); samāsa: toyena pariplutāni aṅgāni yeṣām (whose limbs were drenched with water)

• acārayat: made (them) graze
• acārayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √car (धातु) (causative: cārayati)
• Form: Laṅ lakāra (Imperfect/Past), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (Singular), Parasmaipada; causative sense 'made (them) graze/move about'

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha-bodhaka (particle/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; nipāta (emphatic particle)

• tamasā: near the Tamasā (river)
• tamasā: Sahacāra (सहचार/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tamasā (प्रातिपदिक: tamasā-nadī)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd) used in sense of proximity/association (sāhacarya)

• avidūre: not far away
• avidūre: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: avidūra (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Saptamī-ekavacana used adverbially (locative of place): 'not far (away)'

Context

Endowed with kingly qualities, he is recognised as heir-apparent. Therefore, as I did, all of you should obey the order of the king.

Characters & Entities

• Sumantra
• Tamasā (river)
• Chariot
• Horses

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as conscientious service and non-cruelty: even in crisis, Sumantra ensures the animals are rested, watered, and cared for.

What is the narrative situation?

During the halt near the Tamasā, Sumantra tends to the chariot horses—unyoking them, washing them, and letting them graze.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentive stewardship and duty of a retainer: Sumantra’s reliability is shown through practical, compassionate care.