Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 114, Shloka 19

अयोध्याप्रवेशः

Bharata Enters Ayodhya and Perceives the City’s Desolation

Devanagari script

पुरुषस्याप्रहृष्टस्य प्रतिषिद्धानुलेपनाम्। सन्तप्तामिव शोकेन गात्रयष्टिमभूषणाम्।।2.114.19।।

Transliteration

puruṣasyāprahṛṣṭasya pratiṣiddhānulepanām | santaptām iva śokena gātrayaṣṭim abhūṣaṇām || 2.114.19 ||

Translation

Tel le corps d’un homme accablé—privé d’onguents et sans parure—réduit à une simple charpente de membres, comme brûlé par le chagrin.

Word by Word

• पुरुषस्य: of a man
• पुरुषस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/of), एकवचन

• अप्रहृष्टस्य: of one not cheerful
• अप्रहृष्टस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + प्रहृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नञ्-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘not delighted, dejected’

• प्रतिषिद्धानुलेपनाम्: with oiling/anointing withheld
• प्रतिषिद्धानुलेपनाम्: Upamāna (उपमान) (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतिषिद्ध + अनुलेपन (प्रातिपदिके) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः; प्रतिषिद्ध (क्त, ‘forbidden/prevented’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘with unguent/oil-application withheld’

• सन्तप्ताम्: scorched
• सन्तप्ताम्: Upamāna (उपमान) (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + तप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: उपसर्गपूर्वक क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘burnt, scorched’

• इव: as if
• इव: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (उपमा-सूचक)

• शोकेन: by grief
• शोकेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/by), एकवचन

• गात्रयष्टिम्: a stick-like body
• गात्रयष्टिम्: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गात्र + यष्टि (प्रातिपदिके) (समास)
• Form: कर्मधारयः (यष्टिरिव गात्रम्); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘a body like a stick’

• अभूषणाम्: unadorned
• अभूषणाम्: Upamāna (उपमान) (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + भूषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नञ्-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘without ornaments’

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse presents the ethical cost of adharma: when truth and rightful succession are violated, society undergoes a kind of involuntary austerity—beauty and celebration fall away under grief.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrator continues portraying Ayodhya as stripped of joy and adornment after Rama’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The people’s fidelity to Rama is implied: their refusal/inability to rejoice without him reflects loyalty to dharma rather than mere pleasure.