Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 28
भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः
Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality
Devanagari script
नात्र कश्चिद्यथाभावं प्राणी समभिवर्तते।तेन तस्मिन्न सामर्थ्यं प्रेतस्या स्त्यनुशोचतः।।2.105.28।।
Transliteration
nātra kaścid yathābhāvaṃ prāṇī samabhivartate | tena tasmin na sāmarthyaṃ pretasyāsty anuśocataḥ || 2.105.28 ||
Translation
Ici, nul être vivant ne suit entièrement son propre vouloir ; dès lors, en cette affaire, il n’y a aucune force à se lamenter pour le défunt.
Word by Word
yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (यथा अव्यय)
FormComparative adverb (उपमा अव्यय)
hifor/indeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (हि अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), explanatory
sārthama caravan/company
sārtham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsārtha (सार्थ प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
gacchantamgoing/passing
gacchantam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootgacchant (गच्छत् कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √gam धातु)
FormPresent participle (शतृ), Neuter Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with sārtham)
brūyātmight say
brūyāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (ब्रू धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
kaścitsomeone
kaścit:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkaścit (कश्चित् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndefinite pronoun (अनिश्चित सर्वनाम), Masculine Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
pathion the road
pathi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpathin (पथिन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
sthitaḥstanding
sthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsthita (स्थित कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √sthā धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with kaścit)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (अस्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अपि अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), 'also/even'
āgamiṣyāmiI will come
āgamiṣyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√gam (आ + गम् धातु)
FormFuture (लृट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
pṛṣṭhataḥfrom behind
pṛṣṭhataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛṣṭhatas (पृष्ठतः अव्यय)
FormAdverb (दिशावाचक अव्यय)
bhavatāwith you/behind you
bhavatā:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक/तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (भवत् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun-like honorific (भवत्), Masculine Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (इति अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
evamthus
evam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (एवम् अव्यय)
FormManner adverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
pūrvaiḥby the ancients/forebears
pūrvaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (पूर्व प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
gataḥgone/trodden
gataḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgata (गत कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √gam धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with mārgaḥ)
mārgaḥpath
mārgaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmārga (मार्ग प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
pitṛ-paitāmahaḥ(followed by) fathers and forefathers
pitṛ-paitāmahaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpitṛ (पितृ) + paitāmaha (पैतामह प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); द्वन्द्व (समाहार/इतरेतर): 'of fathers and grandfathers' used adjectivally for mārgaḥ
dhruvaḥcertain
dhruvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhruva (ध्रुव प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with mārgaḥ)
tamthat (path)
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āpannaḥhaving entered/undertaken
āpannaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootāpanna (आपन्न कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ā-√pad धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kathamhow/why
katham:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (कथम् अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्न-अव्यय)
śocetshould grieve
śocet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śuc (शुच् धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
yasyafor whom/whose
yasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (न अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध अव्यय)
astiis
asti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (अस् धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
vyatikramaḥtransgression/deviation
vyatikramaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyatikrama (व्यतिक्रम प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
Context
Like a man standing on the wayside says to a passing caravan, 'I am following you', and follows them, the road taken by our fathers and forefathers is certain for every one and cannot be violated by a person treading that path. (So) why should a man grieve?
FAQs
Acceptance of what cannot be changed: dharma asks one to perform duties for the living and the departed, not to be consumed by futile grief.
Bharata argues that human control is limited; thus lamentation cannot alter death’s fact.
Practical wisdom—directing emotion toward meaningful action rather than helpless sorrow.