Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 104, Shloka 3

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य धर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Dharma-Reasoning

Devanagari script

यन्निमित्तमिमं देशं कृष्णाजिनजटाधरः।हित्वा राज्यं प्रविष्टस्त्वं तत्सर्वं वक्तुमर्हसि।।।।

Transliteration

yan-nimittam imaṁ deśaṁ kṛṣṇājinajaṭādharaḥ |

hitvā rājyaṁ praviṣṭas tvaṁ tat sarvaṁ vaktum arhasi ||

Translation

Pour quelle raison es-tu entré dans ce pays—revêtu d’une peau d’antilope noire et portant les cheveux en nattes—après avoir quitté le royaume ? Tu dois tout me dire.

Word by Word

• yat: what
• yat: Visheshana (विशेषणभाव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘nimittam’ इति विशेषणम्

• nimittam: reason, cause
• nimittam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nimitta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; हेतुवाचक

• imam: this
• imam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘deśam’ इति विशेषणम्

• deśam: region
• deśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kṛṣṇa-ajina-jaṭā-dharaḥ: wearing dark antelope-skin and matted hair
• kṛṣṇa-ajina-jaṭā-dharaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛṣṇa + ajina + jaṭā + dhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (कृष्णं अजिनं च जटां च धरति इति); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘त्वम्’ इति विशेषणम्

• hitvā: having left
• hitvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive) ‘√हा’ = ‘त्यक्त्वा’

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• praviṣṭaḥ: have entered
• praviṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-viś (धातु) > praviṣṭa (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) ‘प्र-√विश्’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘त्वम्’ इति कर्तरि

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘sarvam’ इति विशेषणम्

• sarvam: everything
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• vaktum: to tell
• vaktum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive) ‘√वच्’

• arhasi: you ought (to)
• arhasi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद; मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन

Context

What made you come to this region, leaving the kingdom and wearing deer skin and matted hair? You should tell me everything.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma begins with truthful inquiry and clarity; Bharata seeks the factual cause so that right action can be taken based on truth, not assumption.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata encounters Rama in ascetic dress and asks him to explain why he left the kingdom and entered the forest region.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vicāra (discernment) and accountability—Bharata demands a full explanation before proceeding.