Shloka 9

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

यथैकमर्थे यातानामेकस्मिन्नवसीदति ।

दुःखं भवति साधूनां ततास्माकं महीपते ॥

Transliteration

yathaika-marthe yātānām ekasminn avasīdati / duḥkhaṃ bhavati sādhūnāṃ tatāsmākaṃ mahīpate

Translation

«De même, pour ceux qui se sont mis en route vers un but unique, lorsque l’un chancelle, cela devient une peine pour les gens de bien—ainsi en est-il pour nous, ô roi.»

Word by Word

• यथा: as/just as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकार-अव्यय

• एकम्: one
• एकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; 'one' (अर्थे इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• अर्थे: in/for a purpose
• अर्थे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• यातानाम्: of those who have gone
• यातानाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) 'gone'; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• एकस्मिन्: in one (of them)
• एकस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; 'in one (person/place)'

• अवसीदति: fails/sinks down
• अवसीदति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: अव-; अर्थ: 'sinks/fails'

• दुःखम्: sorrow/pain
• दुःखम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• भवति: arises/is
• भवति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• साधूनाम्: of the good/virtuous
• साधूनाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• तत्: therefore/that
• तत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययप्राय-निर्देशक (correlative particle) 'therefore/that' (पद्ये)

• अस्माकम्: of us/our
• अस्माकम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• महीपते: O lord of the earth (king)
• महीपते: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: मही + पति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः); पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Subāhu speaking to Kāśirāja

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Compassion
• Collective responsibility
• Ethics of friendship/kinship
• Spiritual solidarity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Virtue is relational: the ‘good’ do not remain indifferent when a companion declines; compassion motivates corrective action rather than judgment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction (ācāra/nīti) in narrative form; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘single purpose’ hints at a shared dharmic trajectory; when one consciousness ‘sinks,’ it disturbs the harmony of the whole—an implicit teaching on saṅga (association) and its power.