Shloka 31

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

पुत्रादिभ्रातृपुत्रादि-स्वपारक्यादिभावितैः ।

आकृष्यमाणं करणैर्दुःखार्तं भिन्नदर्शनम् ॥

Transliteration

putrādi-bhrātṛ-putrādi-svapārakyādi-bhāvitaiḥ | ākṛṣyamāṇaṃ karaṇair duḥkhārtaṃ bhinna-darśanam ||

Translation

(Il vit le monde) traîné par les facultés des sens, conditionné par des notions telles que « fils », « fils du frère », « à soi » et « à autrui » ; accablé de peine, la vision morcelée.

Word by Word

• putra-ādi-bhrātṛ-putra-ādi-sva-pārakya-ādi-bhāvitaiḥ: by influences such as sons, nephews, one’s own and others’ (relations), etc.
• putra-ādi-bhrātṛ-putra-ādi-sva-pārakya-ādi-bhāvitaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi + sva (प्रातिपदिक) + pārakya (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi + bhāvita (भू धातु से कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास (ādi-समुच्चय): ‘पुत्रादि..., भ्रातृपुत्रादि..., स्वपारक्यादि...’ इत्यादिभिः भावित; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; विशेषण (to karaṇaiḥ understood as instruments/agents)

• ākṛṣyamāṇam: being dragged/pulled
• ākṛṣyamāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + kṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शानच्/Present passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि; (to the being/world implied)

• karaṇaiḥ: by the instruments/means (faculties)
• karaṇaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental)

• duḥkha-ārtam: afflicted by sorrow
• duḥkha-ārtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: दुःखेन आर्तः): दुःखार्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण

• bhinna-darśanam: having distorted/divided perception
• bhinna-darśanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhinna (भिद् धातु से क्त) + darśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: भिन्नं दर्शनं यस्य/यत्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Narrator voice

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Mamatā (mine-ness)
• Sense-dragging (indriya-ākṛṣṭatā)
• Suffering from attachment
• Non-dual integration vs. fragmented perception

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering is intensified by possessive and relational labeling (‘mine/others’). Ethical purification involves loosening compulsive identification and cultivating impartiality and self-mastery.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Again, primarily upadeśa within narrative (‘vaṃśānucarita’), not sarga/pratisarga/manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Bhinna-darśana’ points to the split created by egoic categorization; yoga restores ‘abheda-darśana’ (non-seeing of separation) by quieting the instruments (karaṇas).