Shloka 58

Adhyaya 39 — Yoga Discipline: Posture, Breath Control, Sense Withdrawal, and Signs of Attainment

Sanskrit

धारयेद्धारणामुष्णे शीतां शीते च दाहिनीम् ।

कीलं शिरसि संस्थाप्य काष्ठं काष्ठेन ताडयेत् ॥

Transliteration

dhārayeddhāraṇām uṣṇe śītāṃ śīte ca dāhinīm /

kīlaṃ śirasi saṃsthāpya kāṣṭhaṃ kāṣṭhena tāḍayet //

Translation

Dans la chaleur, il faut maintenir une concentration rafraîchissante; et dans le froid, une concentration chauffante (brûlante). C’est comme poser un chevillon sur la tête et frapper le bois avec du bois pour l’enfoncer ou l’en déloger à sa place.

Word by Word

• धारयेत्: should hold/maintain
• धारयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• धारणाम्: concentration/visualization (dhāraṇā)
• धारणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• उष्णे: in heat/when hot
• उष्णे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेष्य-स्थानवाचक (in heat/when hot)

• शीताम्: cool
• शीताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying धारणा)

• शीते: in cold/when cold
• शीते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; (in cold/when cold)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• दाहिनीम्: burning/heat-producing
• दाहिनीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दाहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying धारणा: 'burning/producing heat')

• कीलम्: a peg/nail
• कीलम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• शिरसि: on the head
• शिरसि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन

• संस्थाप्य: having placed
• संस्थाप्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + स्थाप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund/absolutive); 'having placed/established'

• काष्ठम्: a piece of wood
• काष्ठम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• काष्ठेन: with a piece of wood
• काष्ठेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन; करण (instrument)

• ताडयेत्: should strike/beat
• ताडयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ताड् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional discourse within Jaḍopākhyāna (yoga-teaching voice addressing the king)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Dhāraṇā
• Opposites (heat/cold)
• Somatic regulation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The yogic method is pragmatic: apply the counter-quality to restore balance (coolness against heat, heat against cold), illustrating disciplined self-regulation rather than helpless reactivity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary yogic pedagogy; not a pancalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘wood striking wood’ image suggests using a controlled internal force (a cultivated saṅkalpa/prāṇa-direction) to dislodge or set right an intrusive condition—counter-vibration to neutralize disturbance.