Shloka 71

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

क्लिद्यमाने चिरतरं जन्तुर्दुःखमवाप्नुते ।

स्वेन कर्मविपाकेन देहान्तरगतोऽपि सन् ॥

Transliteration

klidyamāne cirataraṃ janturduḥkhamavāpnute /

svena karmavipākena dehāntaragato 'pi san

Translation

Tant qu’il demeure dans un état long, misérable et déclinant, l’être éprouve la souffrance, poussé par la maturation de son propre karma, bien qu’il soit déjà entré dans un autre état ou corps.

Word by Word

• klidyamāne: while (he is) being afflicted
• klidyamāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: klid (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present passive participle sense), सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-सामान्य प्रयोग; ‘क्लिद्यमाने (सति)’ = ‘while being tormented/afflicted’

• cirataraṃ: for a longer time
• cirataraṃ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ciratara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverbial accusative use), तुलनात्मक-रूप (comparative)

• jantuḥ: the creature/soul
• jantuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jantu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• duḥkham: sorrow, suffering
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• avāpnute: attains/experiences
• avāpnute: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (धातु) उपसर्गः ava-
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• svena: by his own
• svena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘कर्मविपाकेन’

• karma-vipākena: by the fruition/result of (his) deeds
• karma-vipākena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karma (प्रातिपदिक) + vipāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कर्मणः विपाकः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• deha-antara-gataḥ: gone to another body (reincarnated)
• deha-antara-gataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक) + antara (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (गम्-धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (dehāntara = ‘another body’; dehāntara-gata = ‘gone to another body’), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘gata’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘jantuḥ’

• api: even
• api: Sambandha/Avadhāraṇa (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), अर्थः ‘even/also’

• san: being
• san: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present participle) ‘सन्’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘being’

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not provided in input (likely within the Purāṇic instruction on preta-gati)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma
• Afterlife
• Preta state
• Moral causality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering after death is not arbitrary: it follows the law of karma (karmavipāka). The verse stresses personal moral accountability continuing beyond physical death.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/karma instruction rather than pañcalakṣaṇa history; it aligns most closely with didactic material embedded in Purāṇic narration (not Sarga/Pratisarga/Manvantara/Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita as a core unit).

What is the esoteric significance?

“Entering another body/state” while still “decaying” points to the subtle-body (preta/ātivāhika) continuity: the jīva carries karmic impressions that shape experience between death and the next embodiment.